Using the framework of the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, we study the scalar product of the inhomogeneous XXZ spin-1/2 chain. Inspired by the Izergin-Korepin procedure for evaluating the domain wall partition function, we obtain a set of conditions which uniquely determine the scalar product. Assuming the Bethe equations for one set of variables within the scalar product, these conditions may be solved to produce a determinant expression originally found by Slavnov. We also consider the inhomogeneous XX spin-1/2 chain in an external magnetic field. Repeating our earlier procedure, we find a set of conditions on the scalar product of this model and solve them in the presence of the Bethe equations. The expression obtained is in factorized form.
We apply the Izergin-Korepin analysis to the study of the projected wavefunctions of the generalized free-fermion model. We introduce a generalization of the $L$-operator of the six-vertex model by Bump-Brubaker-Friedberg and Bump-McNamara-Nakasuji. We make the Izergin-Korepin analysis to characterize the projected wavefunctions and show that they can be expressed as a product of factors and certain symmetric functions which generalizes the factorial Schur functions. This result can be seen as a generalization of the Tokuyama formula for the factorial Schur functions.
We study the ground state of the boundary Izergin-Korepin model. The boundary Izergin-Korepin model is defined by so-called $R$-matrix and $K$-matrix for $U_q(A_2^{(2)})$ which satisfy Yang-Baxter equation and boundary Yang-Baxter equation respectively. The ground state associated with identity $K$-matrix $K(z)=id$ was constructed in earlier study [Yang and Zhang, Nucl.Phys.B596,495-(2001)]. We construct the free field realization of the ground state associated with nontrivial diagonal $K$-matrix.
We extend the recently developed Izergin-Korepin analysis on the wavefunctions of the $U_q(sl_2)$ six-vertex model to the reflecting boundary conditions. Based on the Izergin-Korepin analysis, we determine the exact forms of the symmetric functions which represent the wavefunctions and its dual. Comparison of the symmetric functions with the coordinate Bethe ansatz wavefunctions for the open XXZ chain by Alcaraz-Barber-Batchelor-Baxter-Quispel is also made. As an application, we derive algebraic identities for the symmetric functions by combining the results with the determinant formula of the…
We consider the Izergin-Korepin determinant [1] together with another determinant which was invented by Kuperberg [2]. He used these determinants to prove a formula for the total number of half-turn symmetric alternating sign matrices of even order conjectured by Robbins [3]. By developing further the method that was described in our previous paper [4], we obtain a closed nonlinear recurrence system for these determinants. It can be used in various ways. For example, in this paper, we obtain formula (29) for the refined enumeration of half-turn symmetric alternating sign matrices of even order…
The Izergin-Korepin model with general non-diagonal boundary terms, a typical integrable model beyond A-type and without U(1)-symmetry, is studied via the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. Based on some intrinsic properties of the R-matrix and the K-matrices, certain operator product identities of the transfer matrix are obtained at some special points of the spectral parameter. These identities and the asymptotic behaviors of the transfer matrix together allow us to construct the inhomogeneous T-Q relation and the associated Bethe ansatz equations. In the diagonal boundary limit, the reduced …
We propose a convenient orthogonal basis of the Hilbert space for the Izergin-Korepin model (or the quantum spin chain associated with the $A^{(2)}_{2}$ algebra). It is shown that the monodromy-matrix elements acting on the basis take relatively simple forms (c.f. acting on the original basis ), which is quite similar as that in the so-called F-basis for the quantum spin chains associated with $A$-type (super)algebras. As an application, we present the recursive expressions of Bethe states in the basis for the Izergin-Korepin model.
We analyze wavefunctions of the six-vertex model by extending the Izergin-Korepin analysis on the domain wall boundary partition functions. We particularly focus on the case with triangular boundary. By using the $U_q(sl_2)$ $R$-matrix and a special class of the triangular $K$-matrix, we first introduce an analogue of the wavefunctions of the integrable six-vertex model with triangular boundary. We first give a characterization of the wavefunctions by extending our recent work of the Izergin-Korepin analysis of the domain wall boundary partition function with triangular boundary, and then dete…
Recently, a class of partition functions associated with higher rank rational and trigonometric integrable models were introduced by Foda and Manabe. We use the dynamical $R$-matrix of the elliptic quantum group $E_{τ,η}(gl_3)$ to introduce an elliptic analogue of the partition functions associated with $E_{τ,η}(gl_3)$. We investigate the partition functions of Foda-Manabe type by developing a nested version of the elliptic Izergin-Korepin analysis, and present the explicit forms as symmetrization of multivariable elliptic functions. We show that special cases are essentially the elliptic weig…
We study the domain wall partition function $Z_N$ for the $U_q(A_2^{(2)})$ (Izergin-Korepin) integrable $19$-vertex model on a square lattice of size $N$. $Z_N$ is a symmetric function of two sets of parameters: horizontal $ζ_1,..,ζ_N$ and vertical $z_1,..,z_N$ rapidities. For generic values of the parameter $q$ we derive the recurrence relation for the domain wall partition function relating $Z_{N+1}$ to $P_N Z_N$, where $P_N$ is the proportionality factor in the recurrence, which is a polynomial symmetric in two sets of variables $ζ_1,..,ζ_N$ and $z_1,..,z_N$. After setting $q^3=-1$ the recu…
We obtain a new expression for the partition function of the 8VSOS model with domain wall boundary conditions, which we consider to be the natural extension of the Izergin-Korepin formula for the six-vertex model. As applications, we find dynamical (in the sense of the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation) generalizations of the enumeration and 2-enumeration of alternating sign matrices. The dynamical enumeration has a nice interpretation in terms of three-colourings of the square lattice.
The so-called regime III of the a_2^{(2)} Izergin-Korepin 19-vertex model has defied understanding for many years. We show in this paper that its continuum limit involves in fact a non compact conformal field theory (the so-called Witten Euclidian black hole CFT), which leads to a continuous spectrum of critical exponents, as well as very strong corrections to scaling. Detailed numerical evidence based on the Bethe ansatz analysis is presented, involving in particular the observation of discrete states in the spectrum, in full agreement with the string theory prediction for the black hole CFT.…
We continue our exercises with the universal $R$-matrix based on the Khoroshkin and Tolstoy formula. Here we present our results for the case of the twisted affine Kac--Moody Lie algebra of type $A^{(2)}_2$. Our interest in this case is inspired by the fact that the Tzitzéica equation is associated with $A^{(2)}_2$ in a similar way as the sine-Gordon equation is related to $A^{(1)}_1$. The fundamental spin-chain Hamiltonian is constructed systematically as the logarithmic derivative of the transfer matrix. $L$-operators of two types are obtained by using q-deformed oscillators.
I consider the partition function of the inhomogeneous 6-vertex model defined on the $n$ by $n$ square lattice. This function depends on 2n spectral parameters $x_i$ and $y_i$ attached to the horizontal and vertical lines respectively. In the case of domain wall boundary conditions it is given by Izergin-Korepin determinant. For $q$ being a root of unity the partition function satisfies to a special linear functional equation. This equation is particularly good when the crossing parameter $η=2π/3$. In this case it can be used for solving some of the problems related to the enumeration of alter…
We analyze the scalar products of the elliptic Felderhof model introduced by Foda-Wheeler-Zuparic as an elliptic extension of the trigonometric face-type Felderhof model by Deguchi-Akutsu. We derive the determinant formula for the scalar products by applying the Izergin-Korepin technique developed by Wheeler to investigate the scalar products of integrable lattice models. By combining the determinant formula for the scalar products with the recently-developed Izergin-Korepin technique to analyze the wavefunctions, we derive a Cauchy formula for elliptic Schur functions.
We consider closed XXX spin chains with broken total spin $U(1)$ symmetry within the framework of the modified algebraic Bethe ansatz. We study multiple actions of the modified monodromy matrix entries on the modified Bethe vectors. The obtained formulas of the multiple actions allow us to calculate the scalar products of the modified Bethe vectors. We find an analog of Izergin-Korepin formula for the scalar products. This formula involves modified Izergin determinants and can be expressed as sums over partitions of the Bethe parameters.
The six-vertex model, or the square ice model, with domain wall boundary conditions (DWBC) has been introduced and solved for finite $n$ by Korepin and Izergin. The solution is based on the Yang-Baxter equations and it represents the free energy in terms of an $n\times n$ Hankel determinant. Paul Zinn-Justin observed that the Izergin-Korepin formula can be re-expressed in terms of the partition function of a random matrix model with a nonpolynomial interaction. We use this observation to obtain the large $n$ asymptotics of the six-vertex model with DWBC. The solution is based on the Riemann-Hi…
By means of an algebraic Bethe ansatz approach we study the Zamolodchikov-Fateev and Izergin-Korepin vertex models with non-diagonal boundaries, characterized by reflection matrices with an upper triangular form. Generalized Bethe vectors are used to diagonalize the associated transfer matrix. The eigenvalues as well as the Bethe equations are presented.
This work is concerned with functional properties shared by partition functions of nineteen-vertex models with domain-wall boundary conditions. In particular, we describe both Izergin-Korepin and Fateev-Zamolodchikov models with the aforementioned boundary conditions and show their partition functions are governed by a system of functional equations originated from the associated Yang-Baxter algebra.
The trigonometric six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions and one partially reflecting end on a lattice of size $2n\times m$, $m\leq n$, is considered. The partition function is computed using the Izergin-Korepin method, generalizing the result of Foda and Zarembo from the rational to the trigonometric case. Thereafter we specify the parameters in Kuperberg's way to get a formula for the number of states as a determinant of Wilson polynomials. We relate this to a type of ASM-like matrices.
The six-vertex model, or the square ice model, with domain wall boundary conditions (DWBC) has been introduced and solved for finite $N$ by Korepin and Izergin. The solution is based on the Yang-Baxter equations and it represents the free energy in terms of an $N\times N$ Hankel determinant. Paul Zinn-Justin observed that the Izergin-Korepin formula can be re-expressed in terms of the partition function of a random matrix model with a nonpolynomial interaction. We use this observation to obtain the large $N$ asymptotics of the six-vertex model with DWBC in the disordered phase. The solution is…
We introduce and study the domain wall boundary partition function of the integrable six-vertex model with triangular boundary. We first formulate the domain wall boundary partition function with triangular boundary by using the $U_q(sl_2)$ $R$-matrix and a special class of the triangular $K$-matrix. By using its graphical representation, we make the Izergin-Korepin analysis with the help of the Yang-Baxter relation and the reflection equation to give a characterization of the partition function. The explict form of the symmetric function representing the partition function is presented by sho…
We review some of the strategies that can be implemented to infer an $R$-matrix from the knowledge of its Hamiltonian. We apply them to the classification achieved in arXiv:1306.6303, on three state $U(1)$-invariant Hamiltonians solvable by CBA, focusing on models for which the $S$-matrix is not trivial. For the 19-vertex solutions, we recover the $R$-matrices of the well-known Zamolodchikov--Fateev and Izergin--Korepin models. We point out that the generalized Bariev Hamiltonian is related to both main and special branches studied by Martins in arXiv:1303.4010, that we prove to generate the s…
We study the relationship between various integral formulas for nonlocal correlation functions of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. Specifically, we show how the known representation for the emptiness formation probability can be derived from that for the so-called row configuration probability. A crucial ingredient in the proof is a relation expressing the result of antisymmetrization of some given function with respect to permutations in two sets of its variables in terms of the Izergin-Korepin partition function. This relation generalizes another one obtained by Tra…
We classify all Hamiltonians with rank 1 symmetry, acting on a periodic three-state spin chain, and solvable through (generalisation of) the coordinate Bethe ansatz (CBA). We obtain in this way four multi-parametric extensions of the known 19-vertex Hamiltonians (such as Zamolodchikov-Fateev, Izergin-Korepin, Bariev Hamiltonians). Apart from the 19-vertex Hamiltonians, there exists 17-vertex and 14-vertex Hamiltonians that cannot be viewed as subcases of the 19-vertex ones. In the case of 17-vertex Hamiltonian, we get a generalization of the genus 5 special branch found by Martins, plus three …
We obtain asymptotic formulas for the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions and half-turn symmetry in each of the phase regions. The proof is based on the Izergin--Korepin--Kuperberg determinantal formula for the partition function, its reduction to orthogonal polynomials, and on an asymptotic analysis of the orthogonal polynomials under consideration in the framework of the Riemann--Hilbert approach.
It is shown that the transfer matrix of the inhomogeneous nineteen-vertex model with certain diagonal twisted boundary conditions possesses a simple eigenvalue. This is achieved through the identification of a simple and completely explicit solution of its Bethe equations. The corresponding eigenvector is computed by means of the algebraic Bethe ansatz, and both a simple component and its square norm are expressed in terms of the Izergin-Korepin determinant. In the homogeneous limit, the vector coincides with a supersymmetry singlet of the twisted spin-one XXZ chain. It is shown that in a natu…
In [1, 2], Nekrasov applied the Bethe/gauge correspondence to derive the $\mathfrak{su}\, (2)$ XXX spin-chain coordinate Bethe wavefunction from the IR limit of a 2D $\mathcal{N}=(2, 2)$ supersymmetric $A_1$ quiver gauge theory with an orbifold-type codimension-2 defect. Later, Bullimore, Kim and Lukowski implemented Nekrasov's construction at the level of the UV $A_1$ quiver gauge theory, recovered his result, and obtained further extensions of the Bethe/gauge correspondence [3]. In this work, we extend the construction of the defect to $A_M$ quiver gauge theories to obtain the $\mathfrak{su}…
