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arXiv 1104.0557astro-ph.HE
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激波加速理论中原子核的电离和最大能量

Ionization and maximum energy of nuclei in shock acceleration theory

Giovanni Morlino

摘要:

本文研究了考虑电离过程时重核在信噪比冲击下的加速问题。星际介质中启动扩散激波加速(DSA)的重原子($Z_N >$少)在注入的瞬间从未完全电离。电离发生在加速过程中,当原子已经相对论运动时。在典型的信噪比环境中,背景银河辐射引起的光电离比库仑碰撞占主导地位。电离的主要后果是相对于DSA的标准结果,离子可以达到的最大能量降低。事实上,光电离具有与Sedov-Taylor阶段的开始相当的时间尺度,因此最大能量不再与核电荷成比例,如标准DSA所预测的,而是与加速过程期间的有效离子电荷成比例,其小于总核电荷$Z_N$。这一结果可以在预测宇宙射线谱的膝结构中产生直接的影响。此外,超重元素的加速超过铁的最大能量是很难实现的,使得它们不太可能对银河系和河外成分之间的过渡区的宇宙射线谱做出贡献。

英文摘要:

We study the acceleration of heavy nuclei at SNR shocks when the process of ionization is taken into account. Heavy atoms ($Z_N >$ few) in the interstellar medium which start the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) are never fully ionized at the moment of injection. The ionization occurs during the acceleration process, when atoms already move relativistically. For typical environment around SNRs the photo-ionization due to the background galactic radiation dominates over Coulomb collisions. The main consequence of ionization is the reduction of the maximum energy which ions can achieve with respect to the standard result of the DSA. In fact the photo-ionization has a timescale comparable to the beginning of the Sedov-Taylor phase, hence the maximum energy is no more proportional to the nuclear charge, as predicted by standard DSA, but rather to the effective ions' charge during the acceleration process, which is smaller than the total nuclear charge $Z_N$. This result can have a direct consequence in the prediction of the knee structure of the cosmic ray spectrum. Moreover the acceleration of ultra-heavy elements beyond the Iron's maximum energy is very hard to achieve making unlikely their possible contribution to the cosmic ray spectrum in the transition region between Galactic and extragalactic component.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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