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arXiv 1102.4330astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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从42000多幅SDSS LRG图像中获得的大质量红色星系的微弱星晕

The faint stellar halos of massive red galaxies from stacks of more than 42000 SDSS LRG images

Tomer Tal, Pieter van Dokkum

摘要:

通过叠加斯隆数字巡天的42000多幅亮红星系图像,研究了平均红移z~0.34的大质量星系的性质。这是有史以来用于此类分析的最大数据集,它使我们能够以前所未有的物理尺度探索大规模红色星系的外围。我们的图像堆栈延伸到400千秒差距以上,其中r波段轮廓表面亮度达到30 mag arcsec-2。这一分析证实,发光的红色星系的恒星体遵循一个简单的Sersic轮廓到100千秒差距。在更大的半径下,轮廓偏离最佳拟合Sersic模型,并在g,r,i和z波段堆叠中表现出额外的光。这种多余的光可能是由于未解析的组内或簇内光或光分布本身的变化。我们进一步表明,SDSS深度图像的标准分析通常错过了20%的总恒星光,并低估了10%的LRGs的大小相比,我们最适合的r-波段Sersic模型的n=5.5和r_e=13.1千秒差距。如果把r>100 kpc的多余光看作是星系的一部分,则r波段Sersic参数的最佳拟合值为n=5.8和r_e=13.6 kpc。此外,我们还研究了径向依赖的堆栈椭圆率,发现随着半径的增加,从r=10 kpc时的e=0.25增加到r=100 kpc时的e=0.3。这提供了支持,我们追踪到至少100 kpc的恒星光与星系本身有物理联系,并可能证实单个LRG的晕比它们的中心部分具有更高的椭圆率。最后,我们表明,宽带颜色梯度的堆叠图像是平坦的超过约40千秒差距,这表明恒星星族不随半径的大规模椭圆的外部部分显着变化。

英文摘要:

We study the properties of massive galaxies at an average redshift of z~0.34 through stacking more than 42000 images of Luminous Red Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This is the largest dataset ever used for such an analysis and it allows us to explore the outskirts of massive red galaxies at unprecedented physical scales. Our image stacks extend farther than 400 kpc, where the r-band profile surface brightness reaches 30 mag arcsec-2. This analysis confirms that the stellar bodies of luminous red galaxies follow a simple Sersic profile out to 100 kpc. At larger radii the profiles deviate from the best-fit Sersic models and exhibit extra light in the g, r, i and z-band stacks. This excess light can probably be attributed to unresolved intragroup or intracluster light or a change in the light profile itself. We further show that standard analyses of SDSS-depth images typically miss 20% of the total stellar light and underestimate the size of LRGs by 10% compared to our best fit r-band Sersic model of n=5.5 and r_e=13.1 kpc. If the excess light at r>100 kpc is considered to be part of the galaxy, the best fit r-band Sersic parameters are n=5.8 and r_e=13.6 kpc. In addition we study the radially dependent stack ellipticity and find an increase with radius from e=0.25 at r=10 kpc to e=0.3 at r=100 kpc. This provides support that the stellar light that we trace out to at least 100 kpc is physically associated with the galaxies themselves and may confirm that the halos of individual LRGs have higher ellipticities than their central parts. Lastly we show that the broadband color gradients of the stacked images are flat beyond roughly 40 kpc, suggesting that the stellar populations do not vary significantly with radius in the outer parts of massive ellipticals.

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