ExaVolt天线：一种用于超高能粒子探测的大口径、嵌入式天线
The ExaVolt Antenna: A Large-Aperture, Balloon-embedded Antenna for Ultra-high Energy Particle Detection
摘要：
我们描述了ExaVolt天线（EVA）任务的科学动机，实验基础，设计方法和模拟性能，以及计划为NASA在南极洲的亚轨道超压气球计划开发的超高能（UHE）粒子观测站。EVA将在一次飞行中将ANITA的综合总量-目前最先进的UHE亚轨道有效载荷-提高1-2个数量级。该设计基于环形反射器光学器件的一种新应用，该应用利用超压气球表面，以及安装在内膜上的馈电阵列，创建一个超大型无线电天线系统，可以看到下面的南极冰盖。当UHE中微子在冰内相互作用时，或者当UHE宇宙射线在大陆上方的大气中相互作用时通过地球同步辐射。EVA的瞬时天线孔径估计为几百平方米，用于在150-600 MHz频带内检测这些事件。对于标准的宇宙成因UHE中微子模型，EVA应该检测到的订单30次飞行事件在EeV的能量制度。对于UHE宇宙射线，总共将检测到15，000个量级的地球同步辐射事件，其中几百个在10 EeV以上，并且在GZK截止能量以上60个量级
英文摘要：
We describe the scientific motivation, experimental basis, design methodology, and simulated performance of the ExaVolt Antenna (EVA) mission, and planned ultra-high energy (UHE) particle observatory under development for NASA's suborbital super-pressure balloon program in Antarctica. EVA will improve over ANITA's integrated totals - the current state-of-the-art in UHE suborbital payloads - by 1-2 orders of magnitude in a single flight. The design is based on a novel application of toroidal reflector optics which utilizes a super-pressure balloon surface, along with a feed-array mounted on an inner membrane, to create an ultra-large radio antenna system with a synoptic view of the Antarctic ice sheet below it. Radio impulses arise via the Askaryan effect when UHE neutrinos interact within the ice, or via geosynchrotron emission when UHE cosmic rays interact in the atmosphere above the continent. EVA's instantaneous antenna aperture is estimated to be several hundred square meters for detection of these events within a 150-600 MHz band. For standard cosmogenic UHE neutrino models, EVA should detect of order 30 events per flight in the EeV energy regime. For UHE cosmic rays, of order 15,000 geosynchrotron events would be detected in total, several hundred above 10 EeV, and of order 60 above the GZK cutoff energy
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