城市道路网--具有普遍几何特征的空间网络？德国最大城市的案例研究
Urban road networks -- Spatial networks with universal geometric features? A case study on Germany's largest cities
摘要：
城市道路网络具有独特的几何性质，部分地由其（准）二维结构决定。在这项工作中，我们研究这些属性的20个最大的德国城市。我们发现，所有检查的道路网络的小尺度几何形状是非常相似的。路段的对象大小分布和由此产生的蜂窝结构的特点是由沉重的尾巴。作为一个特定的功能，在所有网络中观察到很大程度的矩形，与链接角分布近似描述拉伸指数函数。我们提出了一个严格的统计分析的主要几何特征，并讨论它们之间的相互关系。我们的研究结果表明，在城市道路网络的时间演变的成本效益约束的根本重要性。
英文摘要：
Urban road networks have distinct geometric properties that are partially determined by their (quasi-) two-dimensional structure. In this work, we study these properties for 20 of the largest German cities. We find that the small-scale geometry of all examined road networks is extremely similar. The object-size distributions of road segments and the resulting cellular structures are characterised by heavy tails. As a specific feature, a large degree of rectangularity is observed in all networks, with link angle distributions approximately described by stretched exponential functions. We present a rigorous statistical analysis of the main geometric characteristics and discuss their mutual interrelationships. Our results demonstrate the fundamental importance of cost-efficiency constraints for in time evolution of urban road networks.
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