Magnetic frustration effects in artificial kagome arrays of nanomagnets are investigated using x-ray photoemission electron microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations. Spin configurations of demagnetized networks reveal unambiguous signatures of long range, dipolar interaction between the nanomagnets. As soon as the system enters the spin ice manifold, the kagome dipolar spin ice model captures the observed physics, while the short range kagome spin ice model fails.
Altermagnetic Magnons in Dipolar Nanomagnet Arrays
Universität Münster（明斯特大学）；Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau（莱茵兰-普法尔茨凯泽斯劳滕-兰道技术大学）；Radboud University（拉德堡德大学）；Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz（约翰内斯·古腾堡美因茨大学）
Direct Observation of Magnon Modes in Kagome Artificial Spin Ice with Topological Defects
我们研究了人工自旋冰（ASI）的自旋动力学，其中拓扑缺陷限制磁振子模式在Ni $_{81}$ Fe $_{19}$纳米磁体排列在一个互连的kagome晶格。利用布里渊光散射显微镜对磁无序态进行研究，发现磁振子共振依赖于磁力显微镜检测到的拓扑缺陷结构。在实验和模拟中，狄拉克弦上的纳米磁体和反狄拉克对之间的纳米磁体在磁振子频率上都显示出明显的变化。我们的工作是通过微波辅助开关和基于ASI的可重编程磁振子来创建和湮灭狄拉克弦的关键。
Magnetization relaxation of interacting chains of nanomagnets
Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux (UMR-6634)（诺曼底大学，鲁昂大学，鲁昂国立应用科学学院，法国国家科学研究中心，材料物理小组）；Laboratoire PROMES CNRS (UPR-8521) & Université de Perpignan Via Domitia（法国国家科学研究中心PROMES实验室（UPR-8521）& 佩皮尼昂维达多米蒂亚大学）
Despite their simple formulation, short range classical antiferromagnetic Ising models on frustrated lattices give rise to exotic phases of matter, in particular due to their macroscopic ground state degeneracy. Recent experiments on artificial spin systems comprising arrays of chirally coupled nanomagnets provide a significant strengthening of the nearest neighbour couplings compared to systems with dipolar-coupled nanomagnets. This opens the way to design artificial spin systems emulating Ising models with nearest neighbour couplings. In this paper, we compare the results of an extensive inv…
Artificial spin ices (ASIs) are designable arrays of interacting nanomagnets that span a wide range of magnetic phases associated with a number of spin lattice models. Here, we demonstrate that the phase of an artificial kagome spin ice can be determined from its initial magnetization curve. As a proof of concept, micromagnetic simulations of these curves were performed starting from representative microstates of different phases of the system. We show that the curves are characterized by phase-specific features in such a way that a pattern recognition algorithm predicts the phase of the initi…
The effect of the size of the system, aspect ratio and impurities concentration on the dynamic of emergent magnetic monopoles in artificial spin ice systems
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈帕拉莱斯大学工程学院）
Artificial spin ices are magnetic metamaterials comprising geometrically-tiled interacting nanomagnets. There is significant interest in these systems for reconfigurable magnonics due to their vast microstate landscape. Studies to-date have focused on the in-field GHz spin-wave response, convoluting effects from applied field, nanofabrication-imperfections ('quenched disorder') and microstate-dependent dipolar field landscapes. Here, we study artificial spin ices in pure and disordered microstates and evaluate their zero-field spectra. Removing the applied field allows us to deconvolute contri…
Artificial spin ices are engineered arrays of dipolarly coupled nanobar magnets. They enable direct investigations of fascinating collective phenomena from their diverse microstates. However, experimental access to ground states in the geometrically frustrated systems has proven difficult, limiting studies and applications of novel properties and functionalities from the low energy states. Here, we introduce a convenient approach to control the competing diploar interactions between the neighboring nanomagnets, allowing us to tailor the vertex degeneracy of the ground states. We achieve this b…
To realize spin wave logic gates programmable phase inverters are essential. We image with phase-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy propagating spin waves in a one-dimensional magnonic crystal consisting of dipolarly coupled magnetic nanostripes. We demonstrate phase shifts upon a single nanostripe of opposed magnetization. Using micromagnetic simulations we model our experimental finding in a wide parameter space of bias fields and wave vectors. We find that low-loss phase inversion is achieved, when the internal field of the oppositely magnetized nanostripe is tuned such that the…
Spin-liquid behaviour and the interplay between Pokrovsky-Talapov and Ising criticality in the distorted, triangular-lattice, dipolar Ising antiferromagnet
Motivated by dipolar-coupled artificial spin systems, we present a theoretical study of the classical $J_1-J_2-J_3$ Ising antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice. We establish the ground-state phase diagram of this model for $J_1 > |J_2|, |J_3|$ based on exact results for the ground-state energies. When all the couplings are antiferromagnetic, the model has three macroscopically degenerate ground-state phases, and using tensor networks, we can calculate the entropies of these phases and of their boundaries very accurately. In two cases, the entropy appears to be a fraction of that of the triangu…
Ultrafast Laser-Induced Magnetic Relaxation in Artificial Spin Ice Driven by Dipolar Interactions
ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC（马德里材料科学研究所，西班牙国家研究委员会）；Physik funktioneller Materialien, Universität Wien（维也纳大学功能物理研究所）；NEST Research Group, Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学计算机学院NEST研究组）
Analyzing the magnetic structure factor of a field demagnetized artificial square ice, qualitative deviations from what would predict the square ice model are observed. Combining micromagnetic and Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that these deviations signal the presence of interactions between nanomagnets that extend beyond nearest neighbors. Including further neighbor, dipolar-like couplings in the square ice model, we find that the first seven or eight coupling strengths are needed to reproduce semi-quantitatively the main features of the magnetic structure factor measured experiment…
Nanoscale Dipolar Fields in Artificial Spin Ice Probed by Scanning NV Magnetometry
RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau, Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS（凯泽斯劳滕-兰道工业大学物理系及OPTIMAS州立研究中心）；Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Binghamton University（宾汉姆顿大学托马斯·J·沃森工程与应用科学学院）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Delaware（特拉华大学物理与天文学系）
Spin glasses, generally defined as disordered systems with randomized competing interactions, are a widely investigated complex system. Theoretical models describing spin glasses are broadly used in other complex systems, such as those describing brain function, error-correcting codes, or stock-market dynamics. This wide interest in spin glasses provides strong motivation to generate an artificial spin glass within the framework of artificial spin ice systems. Here, we present the experimental realization of an artificial spin glass consisting of dipolar coupled single-domain Ising-type nanoma…
Dipolar magnon-magnon coupling has long been predicted in nano-patterned artificial spin systems. However, observation of such phenomena and related collective spin-wave signatures have until recently proved elusive or limited to low-power edge-modes which are difficult to measure experimentally. Here we describe the requisite conditions for dipolar mode-hybridisation, how it may be controlled, why it was not observed earlier and how strong coupling may occur between nanomagnet bulk-modes. We experimentally investigate four nano-patterned artificial spin system geometries: `chevron' arrays, `s…
Engineering nonlinear magnon scattering in artificial spin ice via vertex dipolar control
School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronics Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronics and Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学物理学院与电子薄膜与集成器件国家重点实验室）
Artificial spin ices are periodic arrangements of interacting nanomagnets successfully used to investigate emergent phenomena in the presence of geometric frustration. Recently, it has been shown that artificial spin ices can be used as building blocks for creating functional materials, such as magnonic crystals, and support a large number of programmable magnetic states. We investigate the magnetization dynamics in a system exhibiting anisotropic magnetostatic interactions owing to locally broken structural inversion symmetry. We find a rich spin-wave spectrum and investigate its evolution in…
A voltage-responsive strongly dipolar-coupled macrospin network with emergent dynamics for computing
Shandong University（山东大学）；Technical University of Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）；Kaiserstraße. 12, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；KIT-TUD-Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials（KIT-TUD联合纳米材料实验室）；Kunming University of Science and Technology（昆明理工大学）；Advanced Electron Microscopy Division, Department of Materials and Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学材料与地球科学系先进电子显微镜部）；State Key Lab of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials（晶体材料国家重点实验室和晶体材料研究所）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）
Artificial spin ice is a special class of engineered lattice of highly shape anisotropic single domain magnetic nanostructures which is used as one of the model systems to study the spin ice behavior observed in pyrochlore oxides. The nanomagnets interact via dipolar interaction which results in correlated magnetization dynamics exhibiting macroscopic spin configuration states. Here, we exploit the interplay of underlying magnetic state and external bias field orientation to study controlled spin wave propagation in square Artificial Spin Ice (sASI) by performing detailed micromagnetic simulat…
The ability to engineer the interactions in assemblies of nanoscale magnets is central to the development of artificial spin systems and spintronic technologies. Following the emergence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in thin film magnetism, new routes have been opened to couple the nanomagnets via strong chiral interactions, which is complementary to the established dipolar and exchange coupling mechanisms. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in the engineering of synthetic magnets coupled by the interlayer and intralayer DMI. We show how multilayer chiral magnetic s…
