NGC 4945是一个距离3.82 Mpc的塞弗特2星系。它的相对接近允许详细的SMA研究的环核分子气体在一个星系展示活动星系核。通过对中心区(20”× 20”,1”= 19 pc)高分辨率速度场的分析,证明了二维流体动力学模拟的结果很好地再现了等速度线的S形结构。特别是,速度结构表示由沿螺旋密度波,这是由一个快速旋转的酒吧在内外Lindblad共振激发的冲击产生的弯曲。模拟的密度图显示了一对紧密缠绕的螺旋线,它们穿过观测中的大部分环状高强度区(其他作者称之为环核星暴环),并与位于环状区外的几个Pa $α$发射线结相交。在50 pc尺度下计算的质量流入速率约为NGC 4945活动星系核质量吸积速率的3倍。我们发现气体的自引力是重要的,应该包括在我们的NGC 4945模型中。该模型与Lim等人(2009)中讨论的气体轨道模型进行了比较,结果表明,流体动力学模型提供了与观测到的位置-速度图更好的匹配,因此,提供了更可靠的预测外部内部Lindblad共振位置。
英文摘要:
NGC 4945 is a Seyfert 2 galaxy at a distance of 3.82 Mpc. Its relative proximity has permitted a detailed SMA study of the circumnuclear molecular gas in a galaxy exhibiting an AGN. Based on an analysis of the high-resolution velocity field of the central region (20" X 20", 1" = 19 pc), we demonstrate that the S-shaped structure of the isovelocity contours is well reproduced by the numerical results of a two dimensional hydrodynamical simulation. In particular, the velocity structure is represented by the bending produced by a shock along the spiral density waves, which are excited at the outer-inner Lindblad resonance by a fast rotating bar. The simulated density map reveals a pair of tightly wound spirals in the center which pass through most of the ring-like (claimed to be a circumnuclear starburst ring by other authors) high intensity region in the observations as well as intersect several Pa$α$ emission line knots located outside the ring-like region. The calculated mass inflow rate at a scale of 50 pc is about three times the inferred mass accretion rate of the AGN of NGC 4945. We find that self-gravity of the gas is important and should be included in our model for NGC 4945. The model is compared with the gas orbit model discussed in Lim et al. (2009), and it is shown that the hydrodynamic model provides a better match to the observed position-velocity diagram and, hence, provides a more reliable prediction of the outer inner Lindblad resonance position.
The ionization mechanism of NGC 185: how to fake a Seyfert galaxy?
NGC 185是仙女座星系的一颗矮球状卫星。从20世纪90年代中期开始,人们发现矮椭球体经常显示出各种各样的,在某些情况下复杂的恒星形成历史。在一次对邻近明亮星系的光学观测中,NGC 185根据其发射线比率被归类为塞弗特星系。然而,虽然这个物体的发射线正式将其置于塞弗茨星系的范畴,但这个星系可能并不包含真正的活动核。NGC 185在6或20厘米的射电巡天或X射线观测中都没有被发现,这意味着类似塞弗特的线比可能是由恒星过程产生的。在这项工作中,我们试图确定这个星系可能的电离机制。我们利用双子座GMOS-N获得的深层光谱观测结果,讨论了行星状星云(PNe)产生谱线发射的可能性。虽然PNe的通量高到足以解释积分光谱,但线比与Seyfert分类值相差甚远。然后,我们提出,超新星遗迹和PNe的混合物可能是电离的来源,我们表明,这两个对象的组合物模仿塞弗特线比。我们使用化学演化模型来预测超新星的速率,并支持这些超新星遗迹应该存在于星系中的想法。
Distribution of the heavy elements throughout the extended narrow line region of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7212
本文用考虑活动核和激波光电离的模型分析了Seyfert 2星系NGC 7212的扩展窄线区(ENLR)发射的线谱和连续谱的最新观测结果。结果表明,在圆锥体的边缘和外部有较高的激波速度(500- 800 \kms),模型推算的活动星系核流量在Lyman极限下低于$10^{-11}$光子cm $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$ eV $^{-1}$,这是低光度活动星系核的典型特征,而在Seyfert 2星系中则不然。震前密度是ENLR的特征,范围在80- 150 cm $^{-3}$之间。氮和硫的贫化系数低于2,特别是在东部边缘。氧气在几个地方耗尽。Fe/H比值接近太阳值,而Ne/H相对丰度异常高,为太阳值的1.5- 2倍。通过模拟连续谱能量分布(SED),我们发现在激波前沿由费米机制产生的射电同步辐射,而X射线则是由相对高温的等离子体产生的韧致辐射。