含时哈密顿量的量子模拟和希尔伯特空间的方便错觉
Quantum simulation of time-dependent Hamiltonians and the convenient illusion of Hilbert space
摘要:
我们考虑的所有量子多体状态,可以由任意的时间依赖的本地哈密顿在一个时间内,在系统的大小多项式的规模产生的流形,并表明,它占据了希尔伯特空间中的指数小体积。这意味着希尔伯特空间中的绝大多数状态都不是物理的,因为它们只能在指数级长的时间后产生。我们建立这一事实,利用一个依赖于时间的铃木-特罗特扩展的推广,其次是计数参数。这也表明,基于任意快速变化的哈密顿量的计算模型并不比标准的量子线路模型更强大。
英文摘要:
We consider the manifold of all quantum many-body states that can be generated by arbitrary time-dependent local Hamiltonians in a time that scales polynomially in the system size, and show that it occupies an exponentially small volume in Hilbert space. This implies that the overwhelming majority of states in Hilbert space are not physical as they can only be produced after an exponentially long time. We establish this fact by making use of a time-dependent generalization of the Suzuki-Trotter expansion, followed by a counting argument. This also demonstrates that a computational model based on arbitrarily rapidly changing Hamiltonians is no more powerful than the standard quantum circuit model.
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