In this report, experimental prospects for the inclusive analysis of the radiative B decays and electroweak penguin decays at the super B factories are presented.
Radiative and electroweak penguin mediated decays of $B$ mesons are a great probe for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Furthermore, recently anomalies on exclusive $b \rightarrow s \ell^{+} \ell^{-}$ processes, which may imply lepton flavor universality violation, have been observed. Belle II experiment sheds light on the anomalies with the measurement of an inclusive analysis in this mode. Thanks to smaller hadronic uncertainties compared with exclusive modes, complementary information can be provided. Belle II is also a unique experiment to search for processes involvin…
Electromagnetic radiative penguin decays of the B meson were studied with the BaBar detector at SLAC's PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory. Branching fractions and isospin asymmetry of the decay B -> K* gamma, branching fractions of B -> K2*(1430) gamma, and a search for B0 -> phi gamma are presented. The decay rates may be enhanced by contributions from non-standard model processes.
We report the measurements of electroweak penguin processes b->d,s gamma and b->sl+l- at the Belle experiment. The analyses are based on 152 million BB-bar events collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- asymmetric-energy collider. The b->d gamma transition is studied through exclusive decays: B0->rho0 gamma, B0->omega gamma and B+ ->rho+ gamma. We apply fully inclusive and semi-inclusive reconstruction to b->s gamma and b->sl+l- processes, respectively. The results on the exclusive b->d gamma and semi-inclusive b->sl+l- measurements are preliminary.
The $b\to s(d)$ quark-level transitions are flavor-changing neutral current processes, which are not allowed at tree level in the standard model. These processes are very rare and constitute a potential probe for new physics. Belle II at SuperKEKB is a substantial upgrade of the Belle experiment. It aims to collect 50 ab$^{-1}$ of data with a design peak luminosity of $8\times 10^{35}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ that is 40 times more than its predecessor. It has been recording data since 2019 and during these early days of the experiment, efforts are being made to detect early signals of the above deca…
We report searches for the radiative penguin decays Bs to phi gamma and Bs to gamma gamma based on a 23.6 fb-1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- energy-asymmetric collider operating at the Upsilon(5S) resonance.
A search for the decays B --> rho(770) gamma and B0 --> omega(782)gamma is performed on a sample of 211x10^6 Y(4S)->BBbar events collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- storage ring. No evidence for the decays is seen. We set the following limits on the individual branching fractions: BF(B --> rho+ gamma)<1.8 x 10^-6, BF(B --> rho0 gamma)<0.4 x 10^-6, and BF(B --> omega gamma)<1.0 x 10^-6 at the 90% confidence level (C.L.). We use the quark model to limit the combined branching fraction BFbar[B --> (rho/omega) gamma]<1.2 x 10^-6, from which we determine a constrain…
Radiative penguin decays provide an indirect probe for physics beyond the Standard Model and contribute to the determination of the CKM matrix elements. Copious quantities of B mesons produced at the B-Factories permit precision measurements of radiative penguin decays. We review the experimental status of the radiative penguin processes b --> s(d) gamma.
In this article, I review the most recent results in radiative penguin decays from the B factories Belle and Babar. Most notably, I will talk about the recent new observations in the decays B -> (rho/omega) gamma, a new analysis technique in b -> s gamma, and first measurements of radiative penguin decays in the B_s meson system. Finally, I will summarize the current status and future prospects of radiative penguin B physics at the B factories.
Penguin, or loop, decays of B mesons induce effective flavor-changing neutral currents, which are forbidden at tree level in the Standard Model. These decays give special insight into the CKM matrix and are sensitive to non-standard model effects. In this review, we give a historical and theoretical introduction to penguins and a description of the various types of penguin processes: electromagnetic, electroweak, and gluonic. We review the experimental searches for penguin decays, including the measurements of the electromagnetic penguins b -> s gamma and B -> K* gamma and gluonic penguins B -…
Recent BaBar results on rare B decays involving flavour-changing neutral currents or purely leptonic final states are presented. New measurements of the CP asymmetries in B -> K* gamma, B -> K*2(1430) gamma, and b -> s gamma are reported, as well as a new measurement of the B -> K* gamma branching fraction. Also reported are updated limits on B -> mu nu and recent measurements of B -> K* l+ l- and b -> s l+ l-. The data sample comprises 123 10^6 Y4S -> B Bbar decays collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II e+e- storage ring.
A consistent census of penguins in the Delta I = 1/2 rule is taken from the eta0 pole contribution to the radiative KL to gamma gamma, KS to pi0 gamma gamma and K+ to pi+ gamma gamma decay modes. We briefly comment on its impact for KL to pi0 pi0 gamma gamma, KL to pi+ pi- gamma and check its compatibility with the KL - KS mass difference and the CP violating epsilon-prime / epsilon parameter.
We report measurements of charmonium resonances (J/Psi, Psi(2S),Chi_c1) using about 25 fb^-1 of data collected by the BABAR detector around the Upsilon(4S) resonance. We present measurements of inclusive charmonium production of charmonium in B decays and from the continuum, as well as exclusive branching ratios of B mesons into charmonium final states. We present also a measurement of the B0 -> K*0 gamma branching ratio and a search for the decay B0 -> gamma gamma.
Electro-weak penguin and leptonic decays provide an indirect probe for physics beyond the Standard Model and contribute to the determination of Standard Model parameters. Copious quantities of B mesons produced at the B-Factories permit precision measurements of the electro-weak penguin decays and searches for leptonic decays. We review the current experimental status of b -> s(d) gamma, B^0 -> D^{*0} gamma, b -> s l^+ l^- and finally B->tau nu decays at BaBar.
Latest experimental progress is reviewed on the searches for physics beyond the Standard Model using the radiative and electroweak penguin decays of B mesons. This review covers inclusive and exclusive measurements of the b --> s gamma, b --> d gamma and b --> s l+ l- processes, including the first observation of B --> K l+ l- and the first attempt to measure the inclusive B --> X(s) l+ l- branching fraction.
We summarise the most recent results of the Belle experiment about flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) radiative and (semi-) leptonic B decays. In particular, we report about the first observation of the decays B->K*l+l-, B->phi K gamma, the inclusive B->Xs l+l-$. We also report about searches for B->l+l- decay and for CP asymmetries in B->K*gamma.
We search for the radiative penguin decays B_s to phi gamma and B_s to gamma gamma in a 23.6 fb-1 data sample collected at the Upsilon(5S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- asymmetric-energy collider. We observe for the first time a radiative penguin decay of the B_s meson in the B_s to phi gamma mode. No significant B_s to gamma gamma signal is observed.
Radiative penguin decays provide a hunting ground complementary to direct searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. In the era of B-factories copious production of B mesons permits precision measurements of radiative penguin decays. We present herein the status of radiative penguin processes and expectations at high luminosities, focusing on b -> s (d) gamma, b -> s l+ l-, and b -> s ννbar modes
We have searched for the baryon-containing radiative penguin decays B^- -> Λp-bar γand B^- -> Σ^0 p-bar γ, using a sample of 9.7 million BBbar events collected at the Υ(4S) with the CLEO detector. We find no evidence for either, and set 90% confidence level upper limits for photons with B rest frame energy greater than 2.0 GeV of [Br(B^- -> Λp-bar γ) + 0.3 Br(B^- -> Σ^0 p-bar γ)] < 3.3 x 10^-6, [Br(B^- -> Σ^0 p-bar γ) + 0.4 Br(B^- -> Λp-bar γ)] < 6.4 x 10^-6. From the latter, we estimate (for photons with B rest frame energy greater than 2.0 GeV) Br(B -> X_s γ, X_s containing baryons) < 3.8 x …
We provide Standard Model expectations for the rare radiative decays B->K^* gamma, B->rho gamma and B-> omega gamma, and the electroweak penguin decays B->K^* l^+ l^- and B->rho l^+ l^- at the next-to-leading order (NLO), extending our previous results to b->d transitions. We consider branching fractions, isospin asymmetries and direct CP asymmetries. For the electroweak penguin decays, the lepton-invariant mass spectrum and forward-backward asymmetry is also included. Radiative and electroweak penguin transitions in b->d are mainly interesting in the search for new flavour-changing neutral cu…
We present a preliminary measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive penguin decay B^0 -> K^*0 gamma using (8.6+/-0.3) x 10^6 B-anti-B decays BF(B^0 -> K^*0 gamma) = (5.2+/-0.82 (stat.) +/- 0.47 (sys.)) x 10^-5. In addition we search for the related penguin decays with a lepton pair in the final state, B^+ -> K^+ l^+l^-, B^0 -> K^*0 l^+l^-. We find no evidence for these decays in 3.7+/-0.1 x 10^6 B-anti-B decays and set preliminary 90% C.L upper limits of BF(B^+ -> K^+ e^+ e^-) < 12.5 x 10^{-6}, BF(B^+ -> K^+ mu^+ mu^-) < 8.3 x 10^{-6}, BF(B^0 -> K^*0 e^+ e^-) < 24.1 x 10^{-6}, BF(B…
The BABAR experiment has completed its first year of data-taking during which 21 $fb^{-1}$ of data were accumulated. We present preliminary results on two types of charmless B decays based on this data sample. The first, $B^0 \to K^{*0}γ$, is a so-called electromagnetic penguin. And the second, $B^0 \to h^+h^{'-}$, where $h^{(')}$ can be either a pion or kaon, can come from either penguin diagrams or Cabibbo suppressed tree diagrams.
The B_s^0 -> J/psi K_S decay has recently been observed by the CDF collaboration and will be of interest for the LHCb experiment. This channel will offer a new tool to extract the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle and to control doubly Cabibbo-suppressed penguin corrections to the determination of sin(2beta) from the well-known B_d^0 -> J/psi K_S mode with the help of the U-spin symmetry of strong interactions. While any competitive determination of gamma is interesting, the latter aspect is particularly relevant as LHCb will enter a territory of precision which makes the control of doubly…
The huge datasets collected at the two B factories, Belle and BaBar, have made it possible to explore the radiative penguin process b --> s gamma, the electroweak penguin process b --> s l+ l- and the suppressed radiative process b --> d gamma in detail, all in exclusive channels and inclusive measurements. Theoretical tools have also advanced to meet or surpass the experimental precision, especially in inclusive calculations and the various ratios of exclusive channels. In this article, we review the theoretical and experimental progress over the past decade in the radiative and electroweak p…
We underline the theoretical interest of the vector-vector penguin decay $B_s \to ϕϕ$, very clean from the experimental point of view. The CP-violation asymmetry $A_{CP}^{mix}$ comes from the interference of mixing and decay $λ_{ϕϕ} = {q \over p} {\bar{A} \over A}$. In the Standard Model (SM) and in the Naive Factorization limit, the CP phase from the mixing ${q \over p}$ exactly cancels the CP phase from the decay ratio ${\bar{A} \over A}$. Therefore, this mode is suitable to look for possible New Physics (NP) because $A_{CP}^{mix}$ would directly indicate the departure from the SM in mixing.…
We calculate contributions to the photon and gluon magnetic dipole operators that mediate b -> s gamma and b -> d gamma transitions in the Randall-Sundrum model of a warped extra dimension with anarchic bulk fermions and a brane localized Higgs. Unlike the Standard Model, there are large contributions to the left-handed b quark decays, parameterized by the Wilson coefficient C'_7, due to the pattern of bulk fermion localization, and sizable contributions from the gluonic penguins, C(')_8, through renormalization group mixing. Further, unlike the Randall-Sundrum result for mu -> e gamma, the un…
The B^0_s -> J/psi K_S decay has recently been observed by the CDF collaboration and will be of interest for the LHCb experiment. It is the U-spin partner of the golden B^0_d -> J/psi K_S channel and offers a determination of the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle. Moreover, it allows us to control the hadronic penguin effects in the extraction of the B^0_d-\bar B^0_d mixing phase phi_d through a measurement of CP violation in B^0_d^0 -> J/psi K_S. We discuss the picture emerging for these measurements from an LHCb feasibility study. While LHCb will be able to extract gamma from the CP viol…
We present the first evidence of the decay mode $B_s \to ϕϕ$ and a measurement of partial width and direct CP asymmetry for the $B^+ \to ϕK^+$ decay using $180 pb^{-1}$ of data collected by the CDFII experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We measure: $BR (\phiphi) = (1.4 \pm 0.6(stat.) \pm 0.2(syst.) \pm 0.5(\BR)) \cdot 10^{-5}$, where the last error is due to the uncertainty on the $B_s \to J/ψϕ$ branching ratio used as normalization, $BR (ϕk) = (7.2 \pm 1.3(stat.) \pm 0.7(syst.)) \cdot 10^{-6}$ and $\ACP(phi k) = -0.07 \pm 0.17 (stat.) \ase{0.06}{0.05} (syst.)$. We also briefly discus…
Charmless hadronic $B$ decays are a good testing ground for the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics. The dominant amplitudes are CKM suppressed tree diagrams and/or $ b\to s$ or $b\to d$ loop ("penguin") diagrams. Non-SM particle could appear in the loop, and hence these decays are sensitive to search for New Physics (NP). Some of the recent measurements of two-body charmless hadronic $B$ decays from Belle and their prospects at Belle II are discussed.
We present a preliminary determination of the inclusive branching fraction for the rare radiative penguin transition B -> X_{s} gamma. The measurement is based on a data sample of 60 million BB pairs collected between 1999 and 2001 with the BaBar detector at the PEPII asymmetric-energy e+e- B Factory at SLAC. We study events containing a high-energy photon from one B (or Bbar) decay and a tagging primary lepton from the decay of the other B meson. By this means, we are able to reduce a significant component of the background without introduction of model dependent uncertainties in the event se…
In this review, the most recent results of the radiative decays B -> X_s gamma, B -> K^{(*)} l^+ l^-$ and B -> pi/eta l^+ l^- at e^+e^- colliders are discussed. The new, most precise CP asymmetry measurements in B -> X_s gamma from BABAR are presented together with branching fractions and photon energy moments. For B -> K^{(*)} l^+ l^- modes, B factory results on partial branching fractions, rate asymmetries and angular observables are combined with measurements from CDF and the LHC experiments. The first branching fraction upper limits for B -> eta l^+ l^- are shown along with updated upper l…
The prospects for measuring the angle gamma with present day B factories are examined. A number of approaches are discussed with reference to recent preliminary measurements based on a data sample of approximately 88 million \BB pairs collected by the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B Factory at SLAC.
The status and prospects of time-integrated measurements of the CKM angle gamma at LHCb, the LHC's dedicated flavor physics experiment, are reviewed. Yields obtained from early data taking are presented and extrapolations are made to estimate what can be expected to be obtained from the 2011 data. The conclusions drawn from these extrapolations are that LHCb will produce the world's best measurement of gamma by the end of 2011 and that the long-term outlook is excellent.
The b --> s gamma transition proceeds by a loop ``penguin'' diagram. It may be used to measure precisely the couplings of the top quark and to search for the effects of any new particles appearing in the loop. We present a preliminary measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive decay, B^0 --> K^{*0}gamma. We use 8.6 x 10^6 B-anti-B decays to measure B(B^0 --> K^{*0}gamma) = (5.4+/-0.8+/-0.5) x 10^{-5}.
LHCb is the dedicated B physics experiment at the LHC and is due to start data taking later this year. Its goal is to search for new physics in very rare processes and make precision measurements of CP violation in B decays. The CKM angle gamma plays an important role in flavour physics in the Standard Model. LHCb will exploit the large variety of B hadrons produced by the 14 TeV pp collisions, performing gamma measurements to the precision of a few degrees. Here, we will present a summary of the expected gamma sensitivities LHCb will reach during its first years of data taking, with contribut…
A sample of 23 million B B-bar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider is used in a search for direct CP violation in charmless two-body B decays, quasi two-body B decays, and the radiative penguin decays B to K* gamma. No evidence for direct CP violation is found in the considered modes and 90% confidence level limits are reported. We also present a limit on the branching fraction of the decay B0 to gamma gamma.
Using the soft-collinear effective theory we derive the factorization theorem for the decays B-> M1 M2 with M{1,2}= pi,K, rho,K*, at leading order in Lambda/E_M and Lambda/mb. The results derived here apply even if alpha_s(E_M Lambda) is not perturbative, and we prove that the physics sensitive to the E*Lambda scale is the same in B-> M1 M2 and B-> M form factors. We argue that c-cbar penguins could give long-distance effects at leading order. Decays to two transversely polarized vector mesons are discussed. Analyzing B-> pi pi we find predictions for B^0 -> pi^0 pi^0 and |V_{ub}| f_+(0) as a …
We study CP-violation in resonant three-body B -> DPP decays, where PP stands for either Dpi, DK_S, pipi or piK_S. Analogously to the B -> 3pi channel and the extraction of 2alpha, the first three channels are shown to measure cos(2beta) in addition to sin(2beta), thus allowing to resolve the beta -> pi/2 -beta ambiguity, while the DpiK_S final state leads to a measurement of 2beta+gamma. The B0(t) -> D+D-pi0 channel via the interference between D** orbitally excited resonances is taken as an example, although this Cabibbo-suppressed decay suffers from irreducible penguin uncertainties. Then t…
The basic motivation of the KLOE-2 experiment is the test of fundamental symmetries and Quantum Mechanics coherence of the neutral kaon system, and the search for phenomena beyond the Standard Model in the hadronic and leptonic decays of ground-state mesons. Perspectives for experimentation by means of the KLOE-2 apparatus equipped with the inner tracker, new scintillation calorimeters, and the gamma-gamma taggers at the DA\$Phi$NE electron-positron collider upgraded in luminosity and energy are presented.
The decay $B^0 \to K^0 π^0$, dominated by a $b \to s$ penguin amplitude, holds the potential for exhibiting new physics in this amplitude. In the pure QCD penguin limit one expects $\ckp = 0$ and $\skp = \sin 2 β$ for the coefficients of $\cos Δm t$ and $\sin Δm t$ in the time-dependent CP asymmetry. Small non-penguin contributions lead to corrections to these expressions which are calculated in terms of isospin-related $B\to Kπ$ rates and asymmetries, using information about strong phases from experiment. We study the prospects for incisive tests of the Standard Model through examination of t…
For about twenty years, $B\toπK$ decays are in the focus of $B$-decay studies. We show that a correlation between the CP asymmetries of $B^0_d\toπ^0K_{\rm S}$ reveals a tension with the Standard Model. Should it be due to New Physics, a modified electroweak penguin sector provides particularly interesting possibilities. We present a new method to determine the electroweak penguin parameters, which uses an isospin relation and requires only minimal $SU(3)$ input. We apply it to the current data for $B\toπK$ decays and discuss the prospects for utilizing CP violation in $B^0_d\toπ^0K_{\rm S}$. T…
We re-examine the question of measuring the weak phase gamma in B -> K pi pi decays. To this end, we express all B -> K pi pi amplitudes in terms of diagrams. We show that, as in B -> K pi, there exist relations between certain tree and electroweak-penguin diagrams. The imposition of these relations allows the extraction of gamma from measurements of the B -> K pi pi observables. We estimate the theoretical error in this method to be O(5%).
We analyze the supersymmetric contributions to direct-CP-violating observables in $K \to ππγ$ decays induced by gluino-mediated magnetic-penguin operators. We find that $\epsp_{+-γ}$ and the differential width asymmetry of $K^\pm \to π^\pm π^0 γ$ decays could be substantially enhanced with respect to their Standard Model values, especially in the scenario where $\epsp/\eps$ is dominated by supersymmetric contributions. These observables could therefore provide a useful tool to search for New Physics effects in $|ΔS|=1$ transitions, complementary to $\epsp/\eps$ and rare decays.
The Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) is a major component of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Array Observatory (LHAASO), a new generation cosmic-ray experiment with unprecedented sensitivity, currently under construction. The WCDA is aimed at the study of TeV $γ$-rays. In order to evaluate the prospects of searching for TeV $γ$-ray sources with the WCDA, we present in this paper a projection for the one-year sensitivity of the WCDA to TeV $γ$-ray sources from TeVCat (footnote: http://tevcat.uchicago.edu) using an all-sky approach. Out of 128 TeVCat sources observable to the WCDA up to …
The potential for a precise measurement of the Unitarity Triangle angle $γ$ in future experiments from the decay $B^0 \to DK^{*0}$ is well-known. It has recently been suggested that the sensitivity can be significantly enhanced by analysing the $B^0 \to DK^+π^-$ Dalitz plot to extract amplitudes relative to those of the flavour-specific decay $B^0 \to D_2^{*-}K^+$. An extension to this method which includes the case where the neutral $D$ meson is reconstructed in suppressed final states is presented. The sensitivity to $γ$ is estimated using this method and compared to that obtained using the …
We calculate the hard-scattering kernels relevant to the negative-helicity decay amplitude in B decays to two vector mesons in the framework of QCD factorisation. We then perform a comprehensive analysis of the 34 B->VV decays, including B_s decays and the complete set of polarisation observables. We find considerable uncertainties from weak annihilation and the non-factorisation of spectator-scattering. Large longitudinal polarisation is expected with certainty only for a few tree-dominated colour-allowed modes, which receive small penguin and spectator-scattering contributions. This allows f…
Based on the most recent data in charmless B decays including the very recently reported large direct CP violations, it is shown that the weak phase gamma can well be extracted without two-fold ambiguity even only from two decay modes pi^+pi^- and pi^+K^-, and its value is remarkably consistent with the global standard model fit at a compatible accuracy. A fit to all the pi pi, pi K data favor both large electroweak penguin and color-suppressed tree amplitude with large strong phases. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of small SU(3)symmetry breaking effects of strong phases and the inelast…
The stellar binary $η$ Carinae has been observed during its full orbital period in gamma rays by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT). The shock-accelerated electrons in the colliding winds of the two stars radiate synchrotron photons in the magnetic field of the shocked region and inverse Compton photons, where the target photons are from the thermal emissions by the more massive and luminous of the two stars. The inverse Compton emission dominates the gamma-ray flux data from the $η$ Carinae, however the spectral energy distribution shows signature of a hadronic component in the $\sim 10$-30…
Dwarf galaxies are widely believed to be among the best targets for indirect dark matter searches using high-energy gamma rays; and indeed gamma-ray emission from these objects has long been a subject of detailed study for ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Here, we update current exclusion limits obtained on the closest dwarf, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, in light of recent realistic dark matter halo models. The constraints on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section of the dark matter particle are of a few 10$^{-23}$ cm$^{3}$s$^{-1}$ in the TeV energy range for a 50 h ex…
A new and simple procedure to measure the angle $γ$ from $B^{\pm} \to π^{\pm}π^+π^-$ and $B^{\pm} \to K^{\pm}π^+π^-$ decays using SU(3) symmetry is presented. It is based on a full Dalitz plot analysis of these decays. All diagrams, including strong and electroweak penguins, are considered in the procedure. The method is also free from final state interaction problems. The theoretical error in the extraction of $γ$ within the method should be of the order of $10^{\rm o}$ or even less. Taking into account the B-meson production in the first generation of B factories and recent measurements from…
We update the profile of the CKM matrix. The apex (rhobar,etabar) of the Unitarity Triangle is given by means of a global fit. We propose to include therein sin2alpha from the CP-violating asymmetries in B0->rho+rho-, using isospin to discriminate the penguin contribution. The constraint from epsilon'/epsilon is briefly discussed. We study the impact from the measurement of the rare decay K+->pi+nunu-bar, and from a future observation of KL->pi0nunubar. The B system is investigated in detail, beginning with 2beta+gamma and gamma from B0->D(*)+-pi-+ and B+->D(*)0K+. A significant part of this p…