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arXiv 1102.1022astro-ph.CO
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3 < z < 5星系质量-金属丰度关系的探索

Exploring The Galaxy Mass-Metallicity Relation at 3 < z < 5

Tanmoy Laskar, Edo Berger, Ranga-Ram Chary

摘要:

长持续时间的伽马射线暴(GRB)由于其极端的亮度和与大质量恒星的联系,为研究高红移恒星形成星系提供了首要工具。本文利用伽玛暴研究了z~3-5的星系质量-金属丰度(M*-Z)关系,这是传统的直接金属丰度测量极具挑战性的地方。我们使用的星际介质金属丰度的长时间GRB主机来自余辉吸收光谱(Z~0.01-1太阳),结合主机星系恒星质量确定从深斯皮策3.6微米观测20 GRB主机。我们探测到约1/4的I波段绝对星等为M ~ -21.5 ~-22.5AB等的恒星,并根据叠加分析对其余的恒星设定了M>-19等的界限。利用简单恒星星族(年龄在7000万年到2亿年之间)的质光比的保守范围,我们推断了宿主恒星的质量,并给出了z ~ 3-5(~ 3.5)处的星系质量-金属丰度测量<z>。我们发现,所检测到的伽玛射线暴主机,与M* ~ 2 e10太阳质量,显示了广泛的金属丰度,但平均金属丰度在这个质量尺度,Z~ 0.1太阳,低于测量z &lt; 3。结合未检测到的宿主(M* &lt;4 e9太阳质量和Z &lt; 0.03太阳质量)的叠加,我们发现了在z ~ 3.5处存在M*-Z关系的证据,并且这种关系从z ~ 2开始持续演化为系统性的低金属丰度。

英文摘要:

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide a premier tool for studying high-redshift star-forming galaxies thanks to their extreme brightness and association with massive stars. Here we use GRBs to study the galaxy mass-metallicity (M*-Z) relation at z~3-5, where conventional direct metallicity measurements are extremely challenging. We use the interstellar medium metallicities of long-duration GRB hosts derived from afterglow absorption pectroscopy (Z~0.01-1 solar), in conjunction with host galaxy stellar masses determined from deep Spitzer 3.6 micron observations of 20 GRB hosts. We detect about 1/4 of the hosts with I-band absolute magnitudes, M ~ -21.5 to -22.5 AB mag, and place a limit of M>-19 mag on the remaining hosts from a stacking analysis. Using a conservative range of mass-to-light ratios for simple stellar populations (with ages of 70 Myr to ~ 2 Gyr), we infer the host stellar masses and present the galaxy mass-metallicity measurements at z ~ 3-5 (<z> ~ 3.5). We find that the detected GRB hosts, with M* ~ 2e10 solar masses, display a wide range of metallicities, but that the mean metallicity at this mass scale, Z~ 0.1 solar, is lower than measurements at z < 3. Combined with stacking of the non-detected hosts (with M* < 4e9 solar masses and Z < 0.03 solar), we find evidence for the existence of an M*-Z relation at z ~ 3.5 and continued evolution of this relation to systematically lower metallicities from z ~ 2.

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