The metallicity in galaxy clusters is expected to originate from the stars in galaxies, with a population dominated by high mass stars likely being the most important stellar component, especially in rich clusters. We examine the relationship between the metallicity and the prominence of galaxies as measured by the star to baryon ratio, M$_*$/M$_{bary}$. Counter to expectations, we rule out a metallicity that is proportional to M$_*$/M$_{bary}$, where the best fit has the gas phase metallicity decreasing with M$_*$/M$_{bary}$, or the metallicity of the gas plus the stars being independent of M$_*$/M$_{bary}$. This implies that the population of stars responsible for the metals is largely proportional to the total baryonic mass of the cluster, not to the galaxy mass within the cluster. If generally applicable, most of the heavy elements in the universe were not produced within galaxies.
Metal enrichment by radiation pressure in active galactic nucleus outflows -- theory and observations
活动星系核的外流可能是由丰富的金属离子的紫外共振线吸收连续辐射产生的，如在宽吸收线类星体（BALQ）中所观察到的。施加在金属离子上的辐射压力通过金属离子的库仑碰撞耦合到气体的其余部分。我们计算的光子密度和气体密度，使去耦的金属离子从其余的气体。这些条件可导致主要由金属离子组成的流出物。基于Ly α和Si iv λλ1394，1403的吸收曲线，我们导出了一种限制金属/H比的方法.我们将这种方法应用于BALQs的SDSS样本中，以获得少数具有高于太阳能金属/H比率的候选流出物。如果存在具有强吸收边的连续源的屏蔽，则这种机制可以产生超快的UV流出。
Mass and metal ejection efficiency in disk galaxies driven by young stellar clusters of nuclear starburst
我们目前的结果从模型驱动的能量注入核星爆的星系风。星暴的总能量由年轻的中心星团提供，部分银河星际介质作为银河风的一部分被推出（在某些情况下，银河风包含新一代恒星产生的金属的重要部分）。我们已经进行了绝热和辐射的三维N体/光滑粒子流体动力学模拟银河风使用GADGET-2代码。数值模型涵盖了大范围的恒星暴（从$\sim10^2$到$\sim10^7$ M $_\odot$）和星系气体质量（从$\sim6\times10^6$到$\sim10^{11}$ M $_\odot$）。集中的中央星暴区是星系中产生质量和金属损失的有效引擎，也是驱动星系中金属重新分布的有效引擎。
Probing sub-galactic mass structure with the power spectrum of surface-brightness anomalies in high-resolution observations of galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses. II.Observational constraints on the sub-galactic matter power spectrum
Negative gas-phase metallicity gradients in the narrow line region and galactic disc of local AGN-host galaxies
University of Arkansas（阿肯色大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉帕鲁纳大学）；University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INAF, Astrophysics and Space Science Observatory Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站）
Probing sub-galactic mass structure with the power spectrum of surface-brightness anomalies in high-resolution observations of galaxy-galaxy strong gravitational lenses. I. Power-spectrum measurement and feasibility study
