X射线瞬变XTE J1859 +226中黑洞的证据
Evidence for a black-hole in the X-ray transient XTE J1859+226
摘要：
本文给出了XTE J1859+226（V406 Vul）的X射线瞬变的时间分辨光度学和光谱学结果。在2000年至2008年期间进行的光度观测揭示了第二颗恒星的椭球调制的存在。在2010年获得的进一步测光显示，该系统比其静止水平亮约1等，并且椭球调制被强烈的耀斑活动所稀释。2010年10.4米GTC获得的光谱数据显示，3小时内径向速度变化约为500 km/s。用正弦曲线表示恒星的椭球速度和径向速度变化，同时拟合光度学和光谱学，得到轨道周期为6.58 ± 0.05h，恒星径向速度半振幅K_2= 541 ± 70 km/s。隐含的质量函数为f（M）=4.5+-0.6 Msun，明显低于先前报道的，但与XTE J1859+226中存在的黑洞一致。由于没有日食，倾角的上限为70度，因此黑洞的质量下限为5.42 Msun。
英文摘要：
We present the results of time-resolved optical photometry and spectroscopy of the X-ray transient XTE J1859+226 (V406 Vul). Photometric observations taken during 2000 and 2008 reveals the presence of the secondary star's ellipsoidal modulation. Further photometry obtained in 2010 shows the system ~1 mag brighter than its quiescence level and the ellipsoidal modulation diluted by strong flaring activity. Spectroscopic data obtained with the 10.4-m GTC in 2010 reveals radial velocity variations of ~500 km/s over 3 h. A simultaneous fit to the photometry and spectroscopy using sinusoids to represent the secondary star's ellipsoidal and radial velocity variations, yields an orbital period of 6.58+-0.05 h and a secondary star's radial velocity semi-amplitude of K_2= 541+-70 km/s. The implied mass function is f(M)=4.5+-0.6 Msun, significantly lower than previously reported but consistent with the presence of a black hole in XTE J1859+226. The lack of eclipses sets an upper limit to the inclination of 70 degrees which yields a lower limit to the black hole mass of 5.42 Msun.
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