在Local Group环境中生长的大质量黑洞：中心超大质量、缓慢下沉和抛射的粒子群
Growing Massive Black Holes in a Local Group Environment: the Central Supermassive, Slowly Sinking, and Ejected Populations
摘要：
我们探讨了小于10 ^7 Msun的黑洞的生长，这些黑洞位于本星系群环境中的旋涡星系和场矮星系的中心。我们使用合并树从宇宙学N体模拟称为通过Lactea II（VL-2）作为一个框架，以测试两个合并驱动的半解析配方黑洞的增长，包括动力学摩擦，潮汐剥离，和引力波反冲超过20,000合并树实现。首先，我们应用一个基本平面限制（FPL）模型的Sgr A* 的增长，这驱动中心黑洞的最大质量限制的黑洞基本平面后，每次合并。接下来，我们提出了一个新的模型，允许低水平的长期气体吸积（PGA）在合并。我们发现这两种模型都能产生Sgr A* 质量的黑洞。我们预测在局域场矮星系中存在大量的大质量黑洞--如果VL-2模拟能代表局域群的增长，我们预测在局域群场矮星系中存在多达35个大质量黑洞（< 10^6 Msun）。我们还预测，数百个小于10 ^5 Msun的黑洞未能合并，而是填充银河系晕，其中最大的质量大约在维里半径。此外，我们发现可能有数百个大质量黑洞由于引力波反冲而从它们的宿主中弹出到附近的星系际介质中。我们讨论了如何黑洞人口的本地群场矮星可能有助于限制的增长机制的Sgr A*。
英文摘要：
We explore the growth of < 10^7 Msun black holes that reside at the centers of spiral and field dwarf galaxies in a Local Group type of environment. We use merger trees from a cosmological N-body simulation known as Via Lactea II (VL-2) as a framework to test two merger-driven semi-analytic recipes for black hole growth that include dynamical friction, tidal stripping, and gravitational wave recoil in over 20,000 merger tree realizations. First, we apply a Fundamental Plane limited (FPL) model to the growth of Sgr A*, which drives the central black hole to a maximum mass limited by the Black Hole Fundamental Plane after every merger. Next, we present a new model that allows for low-level Prolonged Gas Accretion (PGA) during the merger. We find that both models can generate a Sgr A* mass black hole. We predict a population of massive black holes in local field dwarf galaxies - if the VL-2 simulation is representative of the growth of the Local Group, we predict up to 35 massive black holes (< 10^6 Msun) in Local Group field dwarfs. We also predict that hundreds of < 10^5 Msun black holes fail to merge, and instead populate the Milky Way halo, with the most massive of them at roughly the virial radius. In addition, we find that there may be hundreds of massive black holes ejected from their hosts into the nearby intergalactic medium due to gravitational wave recoil. We discuss how the black hole population in the Local Group field dwarfs may help to constrain the growth mechanism for Sgr A*.
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