银河系尺度N体模拟中大质量黑洞的动力学演化--介绍正则树程序“rVINE“
Dynamical evolution of massive black holes in galactic-scale N-body simulations - introducing the regularized tree code "rVINE"
摘要：
我们提出了一个混合代码相结合的OpenMP并行树代码VINE的算法链正则化计划。新代码名为“rVINE”，旨在显著提高星系尺度数值模拟中大质量天体与超大质量黑洞近距离相遇的准确性。我们证明了代码的能力，通过研究两个测试问题，下沉的一个单一的大质量黑洞的中心的气体自由星系由于动力学摩擦和硬化的超大质量黑洞二进制由于密切的恒星相遇。我们表明，与rVINE得到的结果比较以及与NBODY 7的粒子数，可以用NBODY 7模拟的问题。特别是，在这两个NBODY 7和rVINE，我们发现一个明确的N-依赖的二进制硬化率，低二进制偏心率和中等偏心率的演变，以及转换的星系的内部密度分布从一个尖点到一个核心通过喷射的恒星在高速。rVINE可以处理的粒子数量要大得多，这将为在现实的银河系背景下更准确地模拟SMBH附近的恒星动力学提供令人兴奋的机会。这将有助于弥补常用树求解器的固有局限性，以遵循星系尺度模拟中黑洞的正确动力学演化。
英文摘要：
We present a hybrid code combining the OpenMP-parallel tree code VINE with an algorithmic chain regularization scheme. The new code, called "rVINE", aims to significantly improve the accuracy of close encounters of massive bodies with supermassive black holes in galaxy-scale numerical simulations. We demonstrate the capabilities of the code by studying two test problems, the sinking of a single massive black hole to the centre of a gas-free galaxy due to dynamical friction and the hardening of a supermassive black hole binary due to close stellar encounters. We show that results obtained with rVINE compare well with NBODY7 for problems with particle numbers that can be simulated with NBODY7. In particular, in both NBODY7 and rVINE we find a clear N-dependence of the binary hardening rate, a low binary eccentricity and moderate eccentricity evolution, as well as the conversion of the galaxy's inner density profile from a cusp to a a core via the ejection of stars at high velocity. The much larger number of particles that can be handled by rVINE will open up exciting opportunities to model stellar dynamics close to SMBHs much more accurately in a realistic galactic context. This will help to remedy the inherent limitations of commonly used tree solvers to follow the correct dynamical evolution of black holes in galaxy scale simulations.
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