通过选择涌现：科学挑战的演变
Emergence through Selection: The Evolution of a Scientific Challenge
摘要：
当今最有趣的科学挑战之一是分析和理解复杂网络的动力学，以及它们的过程如何根据其组成部分之间的相互作用导致涌现。在本文中，我们将探讨新的可视化方法的定义，并在真正的动态社交网络中发挥的动态探索。我们提出了一个最近推出的形式主义称为TVG（随时间变化的图形），它最初开发的模型和分析高度动态和基础设施较少的通信网络，如移动自组织网络，无线传感器网络，或车辆网络。我们讨论了它的适用性复杂的网络一般，特别是社交网络，通过展示它如何使规范和分析的复杂动态现象的时间相互作用，并允许轻松地切换本地和全球动态之间的角度。作为一个例子，我们选择了科学社区的情况下，通过分析部分的ArXiv库（十年的出版物在物理学）专注于社会的决定因素（例如目标和个人之间的潜在互动）背后的出现和恢复力的科学社区。我们认为，科学共同体同时也是实践共同体（通过合著），它们也作为科学家头脑中的表象而存在，因为引用其他科学家的著作不仅仅是与相关著作的客观联系，而且它揭示了一个人操纵、选择和引用的社会对象。在本文中，我们展示了一个社区的出现/选择，作为一个目标驱动的偏好附件对一组作者，其中有一些关键的科学家（诺贝尔奖）。
英文摘要：
One of the most interesting scientific challenges nowadays deals with the analysis and the understanding of complex networks' dynamics and how their processes lead to emergence according to the interactions among their components. In this paper we approach the definition of new methodologies for the visualization and the exploration of the dynamics at play in real dynamic social networks. We present a recently introduced formalism called TVG (for time-varying graphs), which was initially developed to model and analyze highly-dynamic and infrastructure-less communication networks such as mobile ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, or vehicular networks. We discuss its applicability to complex networks in general, and social networks in particular, by showing how it enables the specification and analysis of complex dynamic phenomena in terms of temporal interactions, and allows to easily switch the perspective between local and global dynamics. As an example, we chose the case of scientific communities by analyzing portion of the ArXiv repository (ten years of publications in physics) focusing on the social determinants (e.g. goals and potential interactions among individuals) behind the emergence and the resilience of scientific communities. We consider that scientific communities are at the same time communities of practice (through co-authorship) and that they exist also as representations in the scientists' mind, since references to other scientists' works is not merely an objective link to a relevant work, but it reveals social objects that one manipulates, select and refers to. In the paper we show the emergence/selection of a community as a goal-driven preferential attachment toward a set of authors among which there are some key scientists (Nobel prizes).
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
