Four clusters of red supergiants have been discovered in a region of the Milky Way close to base of the Scutum-Crux Arm and the tip of the Long Bar. Population synthesis models indicate that they must be very massive to harbour so many supergiants. The spatial extent of one of these clusters, RSGC3, has not been investigated. We utilised 2MASS JHK photometry to identify candidate obscured luminous red stars in the vicinity of RSGC3. We observed a sample of candidates with the TWIN spectrograph on the 3.5-m telescope at Calar Alto, obtaining intermediate-resolution spectroscopy in the 8000-9000A range. We re-evaluated a number of classification criteria proposed in the literature for this spectral range and found that we could use our spectra to derive spectral types and luminosity classes. We measured the radial velocity of five members of RSGC3, finding velocities similar to the average for members of Stephenson2. Among the candidates observed outside the cluster, our spectra revealed eight M-type supergiants at distances <18arcmin from the centre of RSGC3, distributed in two clumps. The southern clump is most likely another cluster of red supergiants, with reddening and age identical to RSGC3. From 2MASS photometry, we identified four likely supergiant members of the cluster in addition to the five spectroscopically observed. The northern clump may be a small cluster with similar parameters. Photometric analysis of the area around RSGC3 suggests the presence of a large (>30) population of red supergiants with similar colours, suggesting that the massive cluster RSGC3 is surrounded by an extended association, which may be very massive (>10E5M_sun). We also show that supergiants in the Scutum Complex may be characterised via a combination of 2MASS photometry and intermediate-to-high-resolution spectroscopy in the Z band (abridged).
XZ: Deriving redshifts from X-ray spectra of obscured AGN
背景:红移是我们理解河外X射线源的基础。复杂的对应物关联、昂贵的光谱学和/或多任务多波长覆盖来解决简并性使得估计在实践中常常是困难的。目的:我们试图用低分辨率的X射线谱来限制活动星系核(AGN)的红移。方法:我们的XZ方法适合AGN X射线光谱与一个适度复杂的光谱模型,包括日冕,环面遮光剂和暖镜。使用贝叶斯X射线天文学(BXA)软件包,我们同时约束红移、柱密度、光子指数和光度。红移信息主要来自于康普顿薄活动星系核的吸收边和严重遮蔽活动星系核的Fe K $α$荧光线。一种新的通用背景拟合方法使我们能够从有限数量的源计数中提取更多的信息。结果:我们推导出74/321硬带探测源在钱德拉深场南红移的限制。与光谱红移比较,我们发现一个8%的异常分数,表明我们的模型假设是有效的。对于三个钱德拉深场,我们发布了我们的XZ红移估计。结论:独立的XZ估计是易于应用和有效的大部分掩盖AGN在今天的深调查,而不需要任何额外的数据。通过比较不同的红移估计方法,XZ可以解决光度红移中的简并问题,有助于发现潜在的关联问题,并确认不确定的单线光谱红移。该技术具有高的光谱分辨率和大的收集面积,将是非常有效的Athena/WFI观测。
Young Massive Clusters/Associations in the GMC G23.3-0.3
介绍了银河系巨分子复合体G23.3-0.3方向大质量恒星光谱测量的概述(Messineo et al. 2010,and 2014 A&A submitted)。这个区域很有趣,因为它富含HII区域和超新星遗迹(SNRs)。发现了38颗早期型恒星,一颗新的明亮的蓝色变星和十几颗红超巨星。我们鉴定了SNRs W 41、G22.7-00.2和G22.7583-0.4917的可能祖先。
A Dusty Quenching-candidate AGN host at z=5.7: massive quiescent galaxies may quench already during the dust-obscured phase
University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);University College London(伦敦大学学院);University of Trieste(的里雅斯特大学);National Astronomical Observatories (NAOC)(国家天文台);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学)
No hidden monsters: Probing recently-quenched galaxies for obscured AGN with JWST-PRIMER MIRI and NIRCam
University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学)
The Impact of the Dusty Torus on Obscured Quasar Halo Mass Measurements
最近的研究发现,被遮蔽的类星体聚集得更强烈,因此它们的暗物质晕比未被遮蔽的类星体质量更大。这些结果对最简单的统一模型提出了挑战,在这种模型中,被遮蔽的物体本质上与未被遮蔽的源相同,但通过尘土飞扬的视线看到。普遍的共识是,存在一个类似“尘埃环面”的结构,这意味着这种内在的相似性可能是至少一些被遮蔽的类星体子集的情况。然而,较大的宿主晕质量的遮蔽类星体意味着有第二个模糊的人口,具有更高的集群振幅和典型的晕质量。在这里,我们使用简单的假设主机晕质量分布的类星体,随着分析方法和宇宙学$N$体模拟隔离信号从这个人口。我们提供的偏差和晕质量的函数的分数的“非环面模糊”的人口的值。采用一个合理的值为这个分数的$\sim$ 25%意味着一个非环面遮蔽类星体的偏差,这是远远高于观察到的遮蔽类星体的偏差,因为大部分的遮蔽人口共享相同的集群强度作为unobscured对象。对于这个非环面模糊的群体,我们推导出$\sim$ 3的偏倚,以及$z=1$处的$\sim3\times10^{13}$ M $_{\odot}/h$的典型晕质量。这些巨大的晕很可能是高红移的高质量未被遮蔽的类星体的后代,并将演变成$z=0$的星系群成员。
Radio and Far-IR Emission Associated with a Massive Star-forming Galaxy Candidate at z$\simeq$6.8: A Radio-Loud AGN in the Reionization Era?
我们报告的无线电(0.144-3千兆赫),中红外,远红外,和亚毫米(24-850 $μ$米)的位置上的41个紫外亮(M $_\mathrm{UV}^{}\lesssim-21.25$)$z\simeq6.6-6.9$莱曼break星系候选人在1.5度$^2$宇宙领域的识别。这个源COS-87259在9450和9700埃的两个窄/中间带之间表现出明显的通量不连续性(因子$>$ 3),并且在9600埃的所有九个带中未被检测到,正如$z\simeq6.8$的莱曼α断裂所预期的那样。全多波长COS-87529的(X射线通过无线电)数据可以用一个非常大的(M $_{\ast}=10^{10.8}$ M $_{\odot}$)和极红(静止-紫外斜率$β=-0.59$)具有超亮红外辐射的$z\simeq6.8$星系(L $_{\mathrm{IR}}=10^{13.6}$ L $_{\odot}$)由高度模糊的恒星形成的强烈爆发提供动力(SFR $\approx$ 1800 M $_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$)和一个模糊的($τ_{\mathrm{9.7μm}}=7.7\pm2.5$)射电大声(L $_{\mathrm{1.4\ GHz}}\approx10^{25.4}$ W Hz $^{-1}$)活动星系核。射电辐射是紧凑的(1.04 $\pm$ 0.12角秒),并在1.32-3…
SPYGLASS. VII-B. Tracing the Fragments of Massive Star Formation Using Low-Mass Associations
Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto(多伦多大学邓普尔天文与天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系);Dept. of Space, Earth & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学空间、地球与环境系);Dept. of Astronomy & Virginia Institute for Theoretical Astronomy, University of Virginia(弗吉尼亚大学天文学系及弗吉尼亚理论天文研究所);Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(智利天主教Pontificia大学天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院天文学系);Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto(多伦多大学统计科学系)
Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Dragonfish Association: The Galaxy's Most Luminosity OB Association
质量大于10 $^4$ M $_{\sun}$的年轻OB星系团被推断存在于银河系中,但在很大程度上逃避了检测。最近,在银河系中最明亮的恒星形成复合体--龙鱼星云中,已经确定了一个候选的OB星协。我们确定了18个年轻的,大质量的恒星与近红外光谱从50个成员的样本内的候选OB协会,包括15 O型,和三个明亮的蓝色变星或沃尔夫-拉叶星。这个数字与候选星协中大质量恒星的预期产量相匹配,证实了它的存在和为母星形成复合体提供动力的能力。这些结果证明了10 $^5$ M $_{\sun}$ OB星协的存在,它比银河系中以前已知的任何星协都要强大,其质量只能与Westerlund 1相比。此外,结果还验证了用于识别关联的颜色选择方法,为以相同方式发现的其他方法增加了可信度。
A Rare Eddington-Limited, Heavily Obscured Low-Mass Active Galactic Nucleus Likely Triggered by a Galaxy Merger
Peking University(北京大学);Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University(北京大学天文与天体物理前沿科学中心);Nanjing University(南京大学);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(教育部现代天文与天体物理重点实验室(南京大学));University of Michigan(密歇根大学);The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学);Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学引力与宇宙学研究所)