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arXiv 1102.0028astro-ph.GA
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围绕着模糊疏散星团RSGC3的巨大星协

A massive association around the obscured open cluster RSGC3

Ignacio Negueruela, Carlos Gonzalez-Fernandez, Amparo Marco, J. Simon Clark

摘要:

在银河系靠近盾牌-十字臂底部和长棒尖端的区域发现了四个红超巨星星团。星族合成模型表明,它们必须非常巨大,才能容纳如此多的超巨星。这些集群之一,RSGC 3的空间范围,尚未调查。我们利用2 MASS JHK测光来识别RSGC 3附近的候选遮蔽明亮的红色恒星。我们在卡拉尔阿尔托的3.5米望远镜上用TWIN摄谱仪观察了一个候选者的样本,获得了8000- 9000 A范围内的中等分辨率光谱。我们重新评估了一些文献中提出的分类标准,这个光谱范围,发现我们可以使用我们的光谱来获得光谱类型和光度类。我们测量了RSGC 3的五个成员的径向速度,发现速度与Stephenson 2成员的平均速度相似。在星团外观测到的候选者中,我们的光谱显示了8颗距离RSGC 3中心<18弧分的M型超巨星,分布在两个团块中。南部的星团很可能是另一个红超巨星星团,变红和年龄与RSGC 3相同。通过2 MASS测光,除了光谱观测到的五颗外,我们还确定了四颗可能的超巨星。北部的丛可能是一个小的集群具有类似的参数。对RSGC 3周围区域的光度分析表明,存在着大量(>30)具有相似颜色的红超巨星,这表明大质量星团RSGC 3被一个扩展的星协所包围,它的质量可能非常大(>10E5M_sun)。我们还表明,盾牌座复合体中的超巨星可以通过2 MASS测光和Z波段的中高分辨率光谱学的组合来表征。

英文摘要:

Four clusters of red supergiants have been discovered in a region of the Milky Way close to base of the Scutum-Crux Arm and the tip of the Long Bar. Population synthesis models indicate that they must be very massive to harbour so many supergiants. The spatial extent of one of these clusters, RSGC3, has not been investigated. We utilised 2MASS JHK photometry to identify candidate obscured luminous red stars in the vicinity of RSGC3. We observed a sample of candidates with the TWIN spectrograph on the 3.5-m telescope at Calar Alto, obtaining intermediate-resolution spectroscopy in the 8000-9000A range. We re-evaluated a number of classification criteria proposed in the literature for this spectral range and found that we could use our spectra to derive spectral types and luminosity classes. We measured the radial velocity of five members of RSGC3, finding velocities similar to the average for members of Stephenson2. Among the candidates observed outside the cluster, our spectra revealed eight M-type supergiants at distances <18arcmin from the centre of RSGC3, distributed in two clumps. The southern clump is most likely another cluster of red supergiants, with reddening and age identical to RSGC3. From 2MASS photometry, we identified four likely supergiant members of the cluster in addition to the five spectroscopically observed. The northern clump may be a small cluster with similar parameters. Photometric analysis of the area around RSGC3 suggests the presence of a large (>30) population of red supergiants with similar colours, suggesting that the massive cluster RSGC3 is surrounded by an extended association, which may be very massive (>10E5M_sun). We also show that supergiants in the Scutum Complex may be characterised via a combination of 2MASS photometry and intermediate-to-high-resolution spectroscopy in the Z band (abridged).

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