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arXiv 1101.5502cond-mat.softphysics.bio-phphysics.chem-phq-bio.BM
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第一个水壳是如何如此快速地折叠蛋白质的?

How does the first water shell fold proteins so fast ?

Olivier Collet

摘要:

第一层水合壳和本体溶剂在蛋白质的折叠中起着至关重要的作用。在这里,水在蛋白质动力学中的作用已经使用理论蛋白质溶剂模型和统计物理方法进行了研究。我们制定了一个水化模型,其中属于蛋白质构象的第一壳层的水分子之间的氢键可能主要形成或断裂。在热平衡下,氢键在低温下形成,在高温下断裂。为了探索溶剂效应,我们使用主方程演化来跟踪大样本蛋白质链的折叠。动力学显示了一个明确的机制。在玻璃化转变温度以上,大比例的链非常迅速地折叠成天然结构,而与温度无关,遵循高转变速率的途径通过被具有断裂氢键的溶剂包围的结构。虽然这些状态有一个无穷小的概率,他们作为强大的动力学吸引子和快速折叠的收益沿着这些路线,而不是路径之间的过渡率小的配置高得多的平衡概率。在给定的低温下,观察到折叠时间的大幅跳跃。低于此玻璃化温度,氢键主要形成的路径成为那些最高的速率,虽然与巨大的弛豫时间的构象变化。研究结果表明,褶皱遵循双漏斗机制。

英文摘要:

First shells of hydration and bulk solvent plays a crucial role in the folding of proteins. Here, the role of water in the dynamics of proteins has been investigated using a theoretical protein-solvent model and a statistical physics approach. We formulate a hydration model where the hydrogen bonds between water molecules pertaining to the first shell of the protein conformation may be either mainly formed or broken. At thermal equilibrium, hydrogen bonds are formed at low temperature and are broken at high temperature. To explore the solvent effect, we follow the folding of a large sampling of protein chains, using a master-equation evolution. The dynamics shows a clear mechanism. Above the glass-transition temperature, a large ratio of chains fold very rapidly into the native structure irrespective of the temperature, following pathways of high transition rates through structures surrounded by the solvent with broken hydrogen bonds. Although these states have an infinitesimal probability, they act as strong dynamical attractors and fast folding proceeds along these routes rather than pathways with small transition rates between configurations of much higher equilibrium probabilities. At a given low temperature, a broad jump in the folding times is observed. Below this glass temperature, the pathways where hydrogen bonds are mainly formed become those of highest rates although with conformational changes of huge relaxation times. The present results reveal that folding obeys a double-funnel mechanism.

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