量子粘滞的耗散效应
Dissipative Effects on Quantum Sticking
摘要：
利用变分平均场论，研究了多体耗散对中性粒子和带电粒子的量子粘滞和反射阈值定律的影响。对于欧姆玻色子浴的情况下，我们研究了红外发散对粘附概率的影响，得到了粘附率的非微扰表达式。我们发现，对于弱耗散耦合$α$，量子粘附的低能阈值定律被浴中的红外奇异性所修改。对于中性粒子，入射能量为$E\to 0$时的粘附概率渐近地表现为${\it s}\sim E^{(1+α)/2(1-α)}$ ;对于带电粒子，我们得到${\it s}\sim E^{α/2(1-α)}$ .因此，“量子镜”--对入射能量渐近接近零的粒子完全反射的表面--也可以存在于带电粒子中。
英文摘要：
Using variational mean-field theory, many-body dissipative effects on the threshold law for quantum sticking and reflection of neutral and charged particles are examined. For the case of an ohmic bosonic bath, we study the effects of the infrared divergence on the probability of sticking and obtain a non-perturbative expression for the sticking rate. We find that for weak dissipative coupling $α$, the low energy threshold laws for quantum sticking are modified by an infrared singularity in the bath. The sticking probability for a neutral particle with incident energy $E\to 0$ behaves asymptotically as ${\it s}\sim E^{(1+α)/2(1-α)}$; for a charged particle, we obtain ${\it s}\sim E^{α/2(1-α)}$. Thus, "quantum mirrors" --surfaces that become perfectly reflective to particles with incident energies asymptotically approaching zero-- can also exist for charged particles.
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