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arXiv 1012.3237cond-mat.stat-mech
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本征态随机化假说:为什么长时间平均值等于微正则平均值?

Eigenstate Randomization Hypothesis: Why Does the Long-Time Average Equal the Microcanonical Average?

Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda, Yu Watanabe, Masahito Ueda

摘要:

我们导出了孤立量子系统中观测量的长时间平均和微正则系综平均之间的差异的上界。我们提出,数值验证,并分析支持一个新的假设,本征态随机化假设(ERH),这意味着在能量本征基的对角元素的观测值随机波动。我们发现,ERH包括本征态热化假设(ETH),并使上述限制消失小。此外,ERH适用于ETH崩溃的可积系统。我们认为,ERH的有效性范围决定了微正则描述。

英文摘要:

We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and the microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems. We propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis, eigenstate randomization hypothesis (ERH), which implies that in the energy eigenbasis the diagonal elements of observables fluctuate randomly. We show that ERH includes eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and makes the aforementioned bound vanishingly small. Moreover, ERH is applicable to integrable systems for which ETH breaks down. We argue that the range of the validity of ERH determines that of the microcanonical description.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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