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arXiv 1012.2288hep-phhep-exphysics.hist-ph
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喷注与QCD--夸克和胶子喷注的发现及其对QCD的影响

Jets and QCD: A Historical Review of the Discovery of the Quark and Gluon Jets and its Impact on QCD

Ahmed Ali, Gustav Kramer

备注：
84 pages, 48 figures; Typos corrected, text and the list of references extended; Invited article, published in Eur. Phys. J. H (Perspectives on Contemporary Physics)
发表信息：
Eur. Phys. J. H 36, 245 - 326 (2011)
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摘要：

夸克和胶子喷注的观测在量子色动力学（QCD）作为粒子物理学标准模型中强相互作用理论的建立中起了至关重要的作用。喷流是强子的窄准直束，反映了短距离内夸克和胶子的构型。因此，通过实验分析射流的能量和角分布，可以探索物质的基本成分的性质以及它们之间作用的强力。在这篇评论中，这主要是一个描述的发现夸克和胶子喷流和它们的观察量子色动力学的影响，我们阐述，特别是胶子作为载体的强力的作用。围绕这些基本点，$e^+ e^-$碰撞中的喷流将成为讨论的重点，我们将集中讨论与正负电子对撞机上的相关实验同时代的理论。此外，我们将描绘的工具，探索其他粒子方面的$ep$和$pp/p\bar{p}$碰撞-夸克和胶子密度的质子，测量的QCD耦合，基本的2-2夸克/胶子散射过程，喷流的作用，但也顶夸克衰变的影响，和$W^\pm, Z$玻色子的电弱部门。该演示文稿在很大程度上是用非技术语言制定的，旨在回顾历史上的重要步骤，并向高能物理以外的社区传达该领域的重要性。

英文摘要：

The observation of quark and gluon jets has played a crucial role in establishing Quantum Chromodynamics [QCD] as the theory of the strong interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics. The jets, narrowly collimated bundles of hadrons, reflect configurations of quarks and gluons at short distances. Thus, by analysing energy and angular distributions of the jets experimentally, the properties of the basic constituents of matter and the strong forces acting between them can be explored. In this review, which is primarily a description of the discovery of the quark and gluon jets and the impact of their observation on Quantum Chromodynamics, we elaborate, in particular, the role of the gluons as the carriers of the strong force. Focusing on these basic points, jets in $e^+ e^-$ collisions will be in the foreground of the discussion and we will concentrate on the theory that was contemporary with the relevant experiments at the electron-positron colliders. In addition we will delineate the role of jets as tools for exploring other particle aspects in $ep$ and $pp/p\bar{p}$ collisions - quark and gluon densities in protons, measurements of the QCD coupling, fundamental 2-2 quark/gluon scattering processes, but also the impact of jet decays of top quarks, and $W^\pm, Z$ bosons on the electroweak sector. The presentation to a large extent is formulated in a non-technical language with the intent to recall the significant steps historically and convey the significance of this field also to communities beyond high energy physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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