Jianfeng Wu
In this article, we calculated the refined topological vertex for the one parameter case using the Jack symmetric functions. Also, we obtain the partition function for elliptic N=2 models, the results coincide with those of Nekrasov instanton counting partition functions for the $N=2^{\ast}$ theories.
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It has been proposed recently that topological A-model string amplitudes for toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds in non self-dual graviphoton background can be caluculated by a diagrammatic method that is called the ``refined topological vertex''. We compute the extended A-model amplitudes for SU(N)-geometries using the proposed vertex. If the refined topological vertex is valid, these computations should give rise to the Nekrasov's partition functions of N=2 SU(N) gauge theories via the geometric engineering. In this article, we verify the proposal by confirming the equivalence between the refined A-mod…
Using the Okounkov-Maulik stable map, we identify the equivariant cohomology of instanton moduli spaces with the space of polynomials on an infinite number of variables. We define the generalized Jack polynomials as the polynomials representing the classes of fixed points under this identification. Using the abelianization theorem of Shenfeld we derive the combinatorial formula for the expansion of generalized Jack polynomials in the basis of Schur polynomials.
Refined instanton analysis of the 2D $\mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ model: mass gap, theta dependence, and mirror symmetry
本文通过将二维 $\mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ 模型瞬子重构为 $N$ 个携带 $SU(N)$ 权格电荷的点状组分并建立统计场论与集团展开，成功导出质量隙、theta 依赖性和禁闭，并为 Hori-Vafa 镜像对称提供新推导，证明大 $N$ 与瞬子不冲突。
We study the stringy instanton partition function of four dimensional ${\cal N}=2$ $U(N)$ supersymmetric gauge theory which was obtained by Bonelli et al in 2013. In type IIB string theory on $\mathbb{C}^2\times T^*\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{C}$, the stringy $U(N)$ instantons of charge $k$ are described by $k$ D1-branes wrapping around the $\mathbb{P}^1$ bound to $N$ D5-branes on $\mathbb{C}^2\times \mathbb{P}^1$. The KK corrections induced by compactification of the $\mathbb{P}^1$ give the stringy corrections. We find a relation between the stringy instanton partition function whose quantum s…
The partition function of ABJM theory on the three-sphere has non-perturbative corrections due to membrane instantons in the M-theory dual. We show that the full series of membrane instanton corrections is completely determined by the refined topological string on the Calabi-Yau manifold known as local P1xP1, in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit. Our result can be interpreted as a first-principles derivation of the full series of non-perturbative effects for the closed topological string on this Calabi-Yau background. Based on this, we make a proposal for the non-perturbative free energy of topol…
It was known that the ABJM matrix model is dual to the topological string theory on a Calabi-Yau manifold. Using this relation it was possible to write down the exact instanton expansion of the partition function of the ABJM matrix model. The expression consists of a universal function constructed from the free energy of the refined topological string theory with an overall topological invariant characterizing the Calabi-Yau manifold. In this paper we explore two other superconformal Chern-Simons theories of the circular quiver type. We find that the partition function of one theory enjoys the…
Original proofs of the AGT relations with the help of the Hubbard-Stratanovich duality of the modified Dotsenko-Fateev matrix model did not work for beta different from one, because Nekrasov functions were not properly reproduced by Selberg-Kadell integrals of Jack polynomials. We demonstrate that if the generalized Jack polynomials, depending on the N-ples of Young diagrams from the very beginning, are used instead of the N-linear combinations of ordinary Jacks, this resolves the problem. Such polynomials naturally arise as special elements in the equivariant cohomologies of the GL(N)-instant…
We define a refined topological vertex which depends in addition on a parameter, which physically corresponds to extending the self-dual graviphoton field strength to a more general configuration. Using this refined topological vertex we compute, using geometric engineering, a two-parameter (equivariant) instanton expansion of gauge theories which reproduce the results of Nekrasov. The refined vertex is also expected to be related to Khovanov knot invariants.
We argue the connection of Nekrasov's partition function in the Ωbackground and the moduli space of D-branes, suggested by the idea of geometric engineering and Gopakumar-Vafa invariants. In the instanton expansion of N=2 SU(2) Yang-Mills theory the Nakrasov's partition function with equivariant parameters ε_1, ε_2 of toric action on C^2 factorizes correctly as the character of SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R spin representation. We show that up to two instantons the spin contents are consistent with the Lefschetz action on the moduli space of D2-branes on (local) F_0. We also present an attempt at con…
We study a spectral problem associated to the quantization of a spectral curve arising in local mirror symmetry. The perturbative WKB quantization condition is determined by the quantum periods, or equivalently by the refined topological string in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili (NS) limit. We show that the information encoded in the quantum periods is radically insufficient to determine the spectrum: there is an infinite series of instanton corrections, which are non-perturbative in \hbar, and lead to an exact WKB quantization condition. Moreover, we conjecture the precise form of the instanton corr…
We show that a Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi solution, as the most general two-instanton, generates a circular loop of magnetic monopole in four-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) Yang-Mills theory.
We study the partition function of the ABJ theory, which is the N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons matter theory with gauge group U(N)xU(N+M) and Chern-Simons levels (k,-k). We exactly compute the ABJ partition function on a three sphere for various k, M and N via the Fermi gas approach. By using these exact data, we show that the ABJ partition function is completely determined by the refined topological string on local P^1 x P^1, including membrane instanton effects in the M-theory dual.
We have recently shown that the global behavior of the partition function of N=2 gauge theory in the general Omega-background is captured by special geometry in the guise of the (extended) holomorphic anomaly equation. We here analyze the fate of our results under the shift of the mass parameters of the gauge theory. The preferred value of the shift, noted previously in other contexts, restores the Z_2 symmetry of the instanton partition function under inversion of the Omega-background, and removes the extension. We comment on various connections.
We study the relationship between refined Chern-Simons theory on lens spaces S^3/Z_p and (q,t)-deformed Yang-Mills theory on the sphere S^2. We derive the instanton partition function of (q,t)-deformed U(N) Yang-Mills theory and describe it explicitly as an analytical continuation of the semi-classical expansion of refined Chern-Simons theory. The derivations are based on a generalization of the Weyl character formula to Macdonald polynomials. The expansion is used to formulate q-generalizations of beta-deformed matrix models for refined Chern-Simons theory, as well as conjectural formulas for…
We consider the quantum spectral problem appearing the Fermi gas formulation of the ABJM (Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena) matrix model. This is known to related to the refined topological string on local P^1*P^1 Calabi-Yau geometry. In the ABJM setting the problem is formulated by an integral equation, and is somewhat different from the one formulated directly in terms of the Calabi-Yau geometry and studied in our earlier paper. We use the similar method in our earlier paper to determine the non-perturbative contributions to the quantum phase volume in the ABJM case from the Bohr-Sommerfel…
In this paper we compute the partition function of 5D supersymmetric U(1) gauge theory with extra adjoint matter in general $Ω$-background. It is well known that such partition functions encode very rich topological information. We show in particular that unlike the case with no extra matter, the partition function with extra adjoint at some special values of the parameters directly reproduces the generating function for the Poincare polynomial of the moduli space of instantons. Comparing our results with those recently obtained by Iqbal et. al., who used the refined topological vertex method,…
In this paper we exhibit a one-parameter family of new Taub-NUT instantons parameterized by a half-line. The endpoint of the half-line will be the reducible Yang-Mills instanton corresponding to the Eguchi-Hanson-Gibbons L^2 harmonic 2-form, while at an inner point we recover the Pope-Yuille instanton constructed as a projection of the Levi-Civita connection onto the positive su(2) subalgebra of the Lie algebra so(4). Our method imitates the Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi construction originally designed for flat R^4. That is we find a one-parameter family of harmonic functions on the Taub-NUT space with a…
Refined sheaf counting on local K3 surfaces
本文计算了局部K3曲面上所有类的精细层计数不变量，并发展了秩0 Vafa-Witten理论，发现瞬子贡献仅依赖于类的平方。
We glue four refined topological vertices to obtain the building block of 5D $U(2)$ quiver instanton partition functions. We take the 4D limit of the result to obtain the building block of 4D instanton partition functions which, using the AGT correspondence, are identified with Virasoro conformal blocks. We show that there is a choice of the parameters of the topological vertices that we start with, as well as the parameters and the intermediate states involved in the gluing procedure, such that we obtain Virasoro minimal model conformal blocks.
We propose a new prescription for computing the Nekrasov partition functions of five-dimensional theories with eight supercharges realized by gauging non-perturbative flavor symmetries of three five-dimensional superconformal field theories. The topological vertex formalism gives a way to compute the partition functions of the matter theories with flavor instanton backgrounds, and the gauging is achieved by summing over Young diagrams. We apply the prescription to calculate the Nekrasov partition functions of various five-dimensional gauge theories such as $\mathrm{SO}(2N)$ gauge theories with…
Noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants for abelian orbifold singularities can be studied via the enumeration of instanton solutions in a six-dimensional noncommutative N=2 gauge theory; this construction is based on the generalized McKay correspondence and identifies the instanton counting with the counting of framed representations of a quiver which is naturally associated to the geometry of the singularity. We extend these constructions to compute BPS partition functions for higher-rank refined and motivic noncommutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants in the Coulomb branch in terms of gauge…
We consider the refined topological vertex of Iqbal et al, as a function of two parameters (x, y), and deform it by introducing Macdonald parameters (q, t), as in the work of Vuletic on plane partitions, to obtain 'a Macdonald refined topological vertex'. In the limit q -> t, we recover the refined topological vertex of Iqbal et al. In the limit x -> y, we obtain a qt-deformation of the topological vertex of Aganagic et al. Copies of the vertex can be glued to obtain qt-deformed 5D instanton partition functions that have well-defined 4D limits and, for generic values of (q, t), contain infinit…
Self-dual monopole loops, instantons and confinement
本文指出四维杨-米尔斯瞬子分析存在红外发散问题，通过类比$U(1)$格点规范理论中的磁单极环，证明考虑$1/r^4$相互作用后可消除发散，并猜想瞬子内部结构导致四维禁闭。
We propose expressions for refined open topological string partition function on certain non-compact Calabi Yau 3-folds with topological branes wrapped on the special lagrangian submanifolds. The corresponding web diagrams are partially compact and a lagrangian brane is inserted on one of the external legs. Partial compactification introduces a mass deformation in the corresponding gauge theory. We propose conjectures that equate these open topological string partition functions with the generating function of equivaraint indices on certain quiver moduli spaces. To obtain these conjectures we …
We study twisted circle compactification of 6d $(2,0)$ SCFTs to 5d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ supersymmetric gauge theories with non-simply-laced gauge groups. We provide two complementary approaches towards the BPS partition functions, reflecting the 5d and 6d point of view respectively. The first is based on the blowup equations for the instanton partition function, from which in particular we determine explicitly the one-instanton contribution for all simple Lie groups. The second is based on the modular bootstrap program, and we propose a novel modular ansatz for the twisted elliptic genera that tr…
The topological vertex formalism for 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theories is not only a convenient tool to compute the instanton partition function of these theories, but it is also accompanied by a nice algebraic structure that reveals various kinds of nice properties such as dualities and integrability of the underlying theories. The usual refined topological vertex formalism is derived for gauge theories with $A$-type quiver structure (and $A$-type gauge groups). In this article, we propose a construction with a web of vertex operators for all $ABCDEFG$-type and affine quivers by introducing s…
In this paper, a new expression for the partition function of the generalized Penner model given by Goulden, Harer and Jackson is derived. The Penner and the orthogonal Penner partition functions are special cases of this formula. The parametrized Euler characteristic $ξ^s_g(γ)$ deduced from our expression of the partition function is shown to exhibit a contribution from the orbifold Euler characteristic of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces of genus $g$, with $s$ punctures, for all parameters $γ$ and $g$ odd. The other contributions for $g$ even are linear combinations of the Bernoulli poly…
We present a statistical mechanical model whose random variables are solid partitions, i.e. Young diagrams built by stacking up four dimensional hypercubes. Equivalently, it can be viewed as the model of random tessellations of ${\bf R}^{3}$ by squashed cubes of four fixed orientations. The model computes the refined index of a system of D0-branes in the presence of $D8$-$\overline{D8}$ system, with a $B$-field strong enough to support the bound states. Mathematically, it is the equivariant K-theoretic version of integration over the Hilbert scheme of points on ${\bf C}^{4}$ and its higher ran…
We discuss the 5d AGT correspondence of supergroup gauge theories with A-type supergroups. We introduce two intertwiners called positive and negative intertwiners to compute the instanton partition function. The positive intertwiner is the ordinary Awata-Feigin-Shiraishi intertwiner while the negative intertwiner is an intertwiner obtained by using central charges with negative levels. We show that composition of them gives the basic Nekrasov factors appearing in supergroup partition functions. We explicitly derive the instanton partition functions of supergroup gauge theories with A and D-typ…
We study mass-deformed N=2 gauge theories from various points of view. Their partition functions can be computed via three dual approaches: firstly, (p,q)-brane webs in type II string theory using Nekrasov's instanton calculus, secondly, the (refined) topological string using the topological vertex formalism and thirdly, M theory via the elliptic genus of certain M-strings configurations. We argue for a large class of theories that these approaches yield the same gauge theory partition function which we study in detail. To make their modular properties more tangible, we consider a fourth appro…
Black holes and dualities in string theory compactifications
研究II型弦论在Calabi-Yau流形紧致化中的超多重态模空间、瞬子修正与BPS指标模性质，利用扭子空间、镜像对称和S对偶计算修正，并构造模完备化方程的解。
We describe the general strategy for lifting the Wess-Zumino-Witten model from the level of one-loop Kac-Moody $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}})_k$ to generic quantum toroidal algebras. A nearly exhaustive presentation is given for the two series $U_{q,t}(\widehat{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}}_1)$ and $U_{q,t}(\widehat{\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}}_n)$, when screenings do not exist and thus all the correlators are purely algebraic, i.e. do not include additional hypergeometric type integrations/summations. Generalizing the construction of the intertwiner (refined topological vertex) of the Ding-Iohara-Miki (…
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