We examine the toroidal oscillations on the slowly rotating relativistic stars in tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) theory with the Cowling approximation. As a result, we find that perturbation equations describing the toroidal oscillations are same equation form as in general relativity (GR). Although the frequencies of toroidal oscillations in TeVeS are not so different from those in GR, the momentum inertia depends strongly on the gravitational theory. Thus, observing the frequencies of toroidal oscillations and momentum inertia with high accuracy might reveal the gravitational theory in the strong-field regime.
Stationary and axisymmetric solutions of relativistic rotating stars with strong mixed poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields are obtained numerically. Because of the mixed components of the magnetic field, the underlying stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes are no longer circular. These configurations are computed from the full set of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, Maxwell's equations and from first integrals and integrability conditions of the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium equations. After a brief introduction of the formulation of the problem, we present the first results for highly def…
We perform the first magnetohydrodynamic simulations in full general relativity of self-consistent rotating neutron stars (NSs) with ultrastrong mixed poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields. The initial uniformly rotating NS models are computed assuming perfect conductivity, stationarity, and axisymmetry. Although the specific geometry of the mixed field configuration can delay or accelerate the development of various instabilities known from analytic perturbative studies, all our models finally succumb to them. Differential rotation is developed spontaneously in the cores of our magnetars whic…
A new code for computing fully general relativistic solutions of strongly magnetized rapidly rotating compact stars is developed as a part of the COCAL (Compact Object CALculator) code. The full set of Einstein's equations, Maxwell's equations and magnetohydrodynamic equations are consistently solved assuming perfect conductivity, stationarity, and axisymmetry, and strongly magnetized solutions associated with mixed poloidal and toroidal components of magnetic fields are successfully obtained in generic (non-circular) spacetimes. We introduce the formulation of the problem and the numerical me…
We investigate the dynamical stability of relativistic, differentially rotating, quasi-toroidal models of neutron stars through hydrodynamical simulations in full general relativity. We find that all quasi-toroidal configurations studied in this work are dynamically unstable against the growth of non-axisymmetric modes. Both one-arm and bar mode instabilities grow during their evolution. We find that very high rest mass configurations collapse to form black holes. Our calculations suggest that configurations whose rest mass is less than the binary neutron star threshold mass for prompt collaps…
In the present paper we investigate self-consistently slowly rotating neutron and strange stars in R-squared gravity. For this purpose we first derive the equations describing the structure of the slowly rotating compact stars in $f(R)$-gravity and then simultaneously solve the exterior and the interior problem. The structure of the slowly rotating neutron stars is studied for two different hadronic equations of state and a strange matter equation of state. The moment of inertia and its dependence on the stellar mass and the $R$-squared gravity parameter $a$ is also examined in details. We fin…
In the present work, we consider the possibility of observationally testing Hořava gravity by using the accretion disk properties around slowly rotating black holes of the Kehagias-Sfetsos solution in asymptotically flat spacetimes. The energy flux, temperature distribution, the emission spectrum as well as the energy conversion efficiency are obtained, and compared to the standard slowly rotating general relativistic Kerr solution. Comparing the mass accretion in a slowly rotating Kehagias-Sfetsos geometry in Hořava gravity with the one of a slowly rotating Kerr black hole, we verify that the…
In the modern era of abundant X-ray detections and the increasing momentum of gravitational waves astronomy, tests of General Relativity in strong field regime become increasingly feasible and their importance for probing gravity cannot be understated. To this end, we study the characteristics of slowly rotating topological neutron stars in the tensor-multi-scalar theories of gravity following the static study of this new type of compact objects by two of the authors. We explore the moment of inertia and verify that universal relations known from General Relativity hold for this new class of c…
The aim of this paper is to clarify the stabilities of neutron stars with strong toroidal magnetic fields against non-axisymmetric perturbation. The motivation comes from the fact that super magnetized neutron stars of $\sim 10^{15}$G, magnetars, and magnetized proto-neutron stars born after the magnetically-driven supernovae are likely to have such strong toroidal magnetic fields. Long-term, three-dimensional general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic simulations are performed, preparing isentropic neutron stars with toroidal magnetic fields in equilibrium as initial conditions. To explore the…
In order to examine the rotational effect around neutron star in tensor-vector-scalar (TeVeS) theory, we consider the slowly rotating relativistic stars with a uniform angular velocity. As a result, we find that similar to the case in general relativity (GR), the angular momentum is proportional to the angular velocity. Additionally, as the value of coupling constant $K$ becomes higher, the frame dragging in TeVeS becomes quite different distribution from that in GR, where we can also see the deviation even in the interior of star. While with smaller value of $K$, although the frame dragging a…
We study the effects of frame-dragging on the structure of force-free magnetospheres around rotating black holes. For slowly rotating black holes, analytic explorations often focus on transforming an exact force-free solution applicable to a static black hole into a solution approximately applicable to a slowly-rotating black hole via perturbations in black hole spin. We show that the single perturbed monopolar solution most commonly arrived at using such techniques is in fact a separatrix between two broad classes of solutions: those with poloidal magnetic fields that bend upwards towards the…
This work is devoted to the construction of slowly rotating neutron stars in the framework of the nonminimal derivative coupling sector of Horndeski theory. We match the large radius expansion of spherically symmetric solutions with cosmological solutions and we find that the most viable model has only one free parameter. Then, by using several tabulated and realistic equations of state, we establish numerically the upper bound for this parameter in order to construct neutron stars in the slow rotation approximation with the maximal mass observed today. We finally study the surface redshift an…
The Blandford-Znajek monopole is a conjectured solution of force-free electrodynamics in the vicinity of a slowly rotating Kerr black hole, supposedly defined as a perturbation in small angular momentum. It is used to argue for the extraction of energy from rotating black holes by the Blandford-Znajek process. We set up a careful analysis of the perturbative definition of the Blandford-Znajek monopole, showing in particular that the regime in which it is defined allows to use the technique of matched asymptotic expansions. Our conclusion is that the Blandford-Znajek monopole, as it is defined,…
Rotating magnetized white dwarfs are studied within the framework of general relativity using Hartle's formalism. Matter inside magnetized white dwarfs is described by an equation of state of particles under the action of a constant magnetic field which introduces anisotropic pressures. Our study is done for values of magnetic field below $10^{13}$ G -a threshold of the maximum magnetic field obtained by the cylindrical metric solution- and typical densities of WDs. The effects of the rotation and magnetic field combined are discussed, we compute relevant magnitudes such as the moment of inert…
We elaborate on a recently proposed model for subsonic quasi-spherical accretion onto slowly rotating pulsars, in which accretion is mediated through a hot quasi-static shell above the neutron star magnetosphere. We show that under the same external conditions, two regimes of subsonic accretion are possible, depending on if plasma cooling in the transition zone is dominated by Compton or radiative processes. We suggest that a transition from the higher luminosity Compton cooling regime to the lower luminosity radiative cooling regime can be responsible for the onset of the `off'-states repeate…
We investigate charge accretion in vicinity of a slowly rotating compact star with a non-stationary electromagnetic field. Exact solutions to the general relativistic Maxwell equations are obtained for a star formed of a highly degenerate plasma with a gravitational field given by the linearized Kerr metric. These solutions are used to formulate and then to study numerically the equations of motion for a charged particle in star's vicinity using the gravitoelectromagnetic force law. The analysis shows that close to the star charge accretion does not always remain ordered. It is found that the …
We investigate the slowly rotating general relativistic superfluid neutron stars including the entrainment effect in a two-fluid model, where one fluid represents the superfluid neutrons and the other is the charge-neutral fluid called the proton fluid, made of protons and electrons. The equation of state and the entrainment effect between the superfluid neutrons and the proton fluid are computed using a relativistic mean field (RMF) model where baryon-baryon interaction is mediated by the exchange of $σ$, $ω$, and $ρ$ mesons and scalar self interactions are also included. The equations govern…
