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arXiv 1012.0834astro-ph.GA
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无球星系中的黑洞:对NGC 3367和NGC 4536的XMM-牛顿研究

Black Holes in Bulgeless Galaxies: An XMM-Newton Investigation of NGC 3367 and NGC 4536

W. McAlpine, S. Satyapal, M. Gliozzi, C. C. Cheung, R. M. Sambruna, Michael Eracleous

摘要:

本机宇宙中绝大多数光学识别的活动星系核(AGN)位于具有突出凸起的宿主星系中,支持黑洞的形成和增长从根本上与星系凸起的建立有关的假设。然而,最近的中红外光谱研究与斯皮策的光学“正常”的晚型星系的样本显示显着的高电离[NeV]线在几个来源的存在,提供了强有力的证据活动星系在这些星系。我们目前的后续X射线观测最近获得的两个这样的源,晚型光学正常星系NGC 3367和NGC 4536的XMM-牛顿。这两个来源都在我们的观测中被发现。详细的光谱分析表明,对于这两个星系,2-10 keV的辐射都是由幂律控制的,X射线光度在10^39 - 10^40尔格·s^-1范围内,与低光度活动星系核一致。虽然有可能X射线双星占观测到的X射线光度的一部分,我们认为这部分是可以忽略不计的。因此,这些观测结果增加了越来越多的证据,表明仅使用光学观测就大大低估了晚型星系中活动星系核的比例。中红外[NeV]光度和X射线光度的比较表明,在这两个星系中存在另外一个高吸收的X射线源,并且NGC 3367的黑洞质量在10^5 - 10^7 M太阳能之间,NGC 4536的质量在10^4 - 10^6 M太阳能之间。

英文摘要:

The vast majority of optically identified active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the local Universe reside in host galaxies with prominent bulges, supporting the hypothesis that black hole formation and growth is fundamentally connected to the build-up of galaxy bulges. However, recent mid-infrared spectroscopic studies with Spitzer of a sample of optically "normal" late-type galaxies reveal remarkably the presence of high-ionization [NeV] lines in several sources, providing strong evidence for AGNs in these galaxies. We present follow-up X-ray observations recently obtained with XMM-Newton of two such sources, the late-type optically normal galaxies NGC 3367 and NGC 4536. Both sources are detected in our observations. Detailed spectral analysis reveals that for both galaxies, the 2-10 keV emission is dominated by a power law with an X-ray luminosity in the 10^39 - 10^40 ergs s^-1 range, consistent with low luminosity AGNs. While there is a possibility that X-ray binaries account for some fraction of the observed X-ray luminosity, we argue that this fraction is negligible. These observations therefore add to the growing evidence that the fraction of late-type galaxies hosting AGNs is significantly underestimated using optical observations alone. A comparison of the mid-infrared [NeV] luminosity and the X-ray luminosities suggests the presence of an additional highly absorbed X-ray source in both galaxies, and that the black hole masses are in the range of 10^5 - 10^7 M_solar for NGC 3367 and 10^4 - 10^6 M_solar for NGC 4536.

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