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arXiv 1011.6350astro-ph.HE
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相对论Shock Waves背后MHD Turbulence的三维模拟及其对伽玛暴的意义

Three-Dimensional Simulations of MHD Turbulence Behind Relativistic Shock Waves and Their Implications for GRBs

Tsuyoshi Inoue, Katsuaki Asano, Kunihito Ioka

摘要:

相对论天体物理现象,如伽马射线暴(GRB)和活动星系核,往往需要长寿命的强磁场。在这里,我们报告的三维特殊相对论磁流体动力学(MHD)模拟探索放大和衰减的宏观湍流发电机激发所谓的里希特迈尔-梅什科夫不稳定性(RMI;瑞利-泰勒型不稳定性)。这种不稳定性是激波与周围密度波动相互作用的必然结果。我们发现,在几个涡流周转时间的磁能指数增长,然后,随着动能湍流的衰减,衰减的时间幂律指数为-0.7。磁能分数可以达到$epsilon_B \sim$ 0.1,但取决于初始磁场强度。我们发现,磁能增长至少两个数量级相比,立即后面的冲击的磁能。这种最小程度的放大并不取决于初始密度波动的幅度,而生长时间尺度和最大磁能取决于密度的不均匀程度。从Kolmogorov级联到MHD临界平衡级联的转变发生在初始不均匀性尺度的$\sim$ 1/10处,这限制了最大同步极化小于2%。新的结果包括避免与RMI湍流的电子冷却,湍流光球模型通过RMI,和浅衰减的早期余辉从RMI。我们还对具有相对论速度弥散的自由衰减湍流进行了模拟。我们发现,相对论湍流开始衰减的速度远远超过一个涡周转时间,因为快速的冲击耗散,这不支持Narayan和Kumar的相对论湍流模型。

英文摘要:

Relativistic astrophysical phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei often require long-lived strong magnetic field. Here, we report on three-dimensional special-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to explore the amplification and decay of macroscopic turbulence dynamo excited by the so-called Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI; a Rayleigh-Taylor type instability). This instability is an inevitable outcome of interactions between shock and ambient density fluctuations. We find that the magnetic energy grows exponentially in a few eddy turnover times, and then, following the decay of kinetic turbulence, decays with a temporal power-law exponent of -0.7. The magnetic-energy fraction can reach $epsilon_B \sim$ 0.1 but depends on the initial magnetic field strength. We find that the magnetic energy grows by at least two orders of magnitude compared to the magnetic energy immediately behind the shock. This minimum degree of the amplification does not depend on the amplitude of the initial density fluctuations, while the growth timescale and the maximum magnetic energy depend on the degree of inhomogeneity in the density. The transition from Kolmogorov cascade to MHD critical balance cascade occurs at $\sim$ 1/10th the initial inhomogeneity scale, which limits the maximum synchrotron polarization to less than 2%. New results include the avoidance of electron cooling with RMI turbulence, the turbulent photosphere model via RMI, and the shallow decay of the early afterglow from RMI. We also performed a simulation of freely decaying turbulence with relativistic velocity dispersion. We find that relativistic turbulence begins to decay much faster than one eddy-turnover time because of fast shock dissipation, which does not support the relativistic turbulence model by Narayan & Kumar.

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