扩散模式中p、He和C到Fe的cosmic-ray初级通量：通量和比率的源和输运特征
p, He, and C to Fe cosmic-ray primary fluxes in diffusion models: Source and transport signatures on fluxes and ratios
摘要：
质子、氦和较重的初级宇宙射线（直到Fe）的传播通量是间接获得宇宙射线源谱的一种手段。我们检查的兼容性的主要通量与来自B/C分析的传输参数，而且如果他们带来进一步的限制。质子数据很好地描述了最简单的模型定义的幂律源谱和平原扩散。它们也可以由具有例如，对流或再加速。在低于$\sim 1$ TeV/n的源谱指数中不需要中断。仅对一次通量进行拟合并不能对输运参数提供物理约束。如果我们释放源光谱$dQ/dE = q β^{η_S} {\cal R}^{-α}$并固定扩散系数$K(R)= K_0β^{η_T} {\cal R}^δ$，以便重现B/C比，则MCMC分析将源光谱指数$α$约束在直到Fe的所有主要物种的范围$2.2-2.5$内，而不管扩散斜率$δ$的值如何。源谱的$η_S$低能形状与扩散系数的$η_T$低能形状是简并的：我们发现p和He数据的$η_S-η_T\approx 0$是$η_S-η_T\approx 0$，而C到Fe的原生物种的$η_S-η_T\approx 1$是$η_S-η_T\approx 1$。这与玩具模型计算一致，其中如果$η_S-η_T\approx 0-1$（不需要不同的斜率$α$），则p/He和C/O到Fe/O数据的形状被再现。当绘制成每个核子动能的函数时，低能p/He比主要由调制效应形成，而初级/O比主要由它们的破坏率形成。
英文摘要：
The propagated fluxes of proton, helium, and heavier primary cosmic-ray species (up to Fe) are a means to indirectly access the source spectrum of cosmic rays. We check the compatibility of the primary fluxes with the transport parameters derived from the B/C analysis, but also if they bring further constraints. Proton data are well described in the simplest model defined by a power-law source spectrum and plain diffusion. They can also be accommodated by models with, e.g., convection and/or reacceleration. There is no need for breaks in the source spectral indices below $\sim 1$ TeV/n. Fits on the primary fluxes alone do not provide physical constraints on the transport parameters. If we let free the source spectrum $dQ/dE = q β^{η_S} {\cal R}^{-α}$ and fix the diffusion coefficient $K(R)= K_0β^{η_T} {\cal R}^δ$ such as to reproduce the B/C ratio, the MCMC analysis constrains the source spectral index $α$ to be in the range $2.2-2.5$ for all primary species up to Fe, regardless of the value of the diffusion slope $δ$. The $η_S$ low-energy shape of the source spectrum is degenerate with the low-energy shape $η_T$ of the diffusion coefficient: we find $η_S-η_T\approx 0$ for p and He data, but $η_S-η_T\approx 1$ for C to Fe primary species. This is consistent with the toy-model calculation in which the shape of the p/He and C/O to Fe/O data is reproduced if $η_S-η_T\approx 0-1$ (no need for different slopes $α$). When plotted as a function of the kinetic energy per nucleon, the low-energy p/He ratio is shaped mostly by the modulation effect, whereas primary/O ratios are mostly shaped by their destruction rate.
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