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arXiv 1010.4183astro-ph.SR
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长周期变星周围的星周尘埃壳。X.标准发光富碳AGB星周围包层的动力学

Circumstellar dust shells around long-period variables. X. Dynamics of envelopes around standard luminous, C-rich AGB stars

C. Dreyer, M. Hegmann, E. Sedlmayr

摘要:

长周期变星(LPV)和Miras是在渐近巨星分支上部区域的高度演化的恒星。它们表现出明显的光度变化,或多或少有明确的周期,并以恒星风的形式遭受大量的质量损失。由于这种大规模的质量损失,LPV和Miras被扩展的拱星尘埃壳(CDS)包围。这些包层的动力学是一个复杂的相互作用的结果,通过脉动的中心恒星,尘埃形成和辐射转移的外部激发。我们的研究旨在了解CDS在富碳、标准发光LPV和Miras周围的动态。这些壳层通常表现出多周期性,在主周期约为10^2-10^3 d的基础上叠加了高达几个10^4 d的次周期。这种次级周期至少部分地可能是由灰尘的存在引起的。我们认为,无论是由一个谐波力,由中央恒星的振荡,或由一个随机力与连续的功率谱的激励的CDS。由此产生的数值计算的动力学行为的外壳进行了分析与傅立叶分析和频闪图的帮助。CDS可以被描述为由脉动星驱动的多振荡系统。可以识别一组正常模式。得到的这些模式的周期约为10^3 d,这是尘埃成核、生长和尘埃形成区元素富集的特征时间尺度。根据中心恒星的振荡周期和强度,包层会周期性、多周期性或不规则地反应。

英文摘要:

Long-period variables (LPVs) and Miras are highly evolved stars at the upper region of the asymptotic giant branch. They exhibit a pronounced variability of their luminosity with a more or less well defined period and suffer large mass loss in the form of stellar winds. Due to this extensive mass loss, LPVs and Miras are surrounded by extended circumstellar dust shells (CDSs). The dynamics of these envelopes is the result of a complex interplay via an external excitation by the pulsating central star, dust formation and radiative transfer. Our study is aimed at an understanding of the dynamics of CDSs around carbon-rich, standard luminous LPVs and Miras. These shells often show multiperiodicity with secondary periods as high as a few 10^4 d superimposed on a main period which is in the range of approximately 10^2-10^3 d. Such secondary periods may be caused at least in part by the presence of dust. We consider an excitation of the CDSs by either a harmonic force, provided by the oscillation of the central star, or by a stochastic force with a continuous power spectrum. The resulting numerically computed dynamical behaviour of the shell is analysed with the help of Fourier analysis and stroboscopic maps. CDSs may be described as multioscillatory systems which are driven by the pulsating stars. A set of normal modes can be identified. The obtained periods of these modes are of the order of some 10^3 d, which is a characteristic timescale for dust nucleation, growth and elemental enrichment in the dust formation zone. Depending on the oscillation period and strength of the central star, the envelope reacts periodically, multi- periodically or irregularly.

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