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arXiv 1010.3771astro-ph.HE
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最长时间尺度的X射线变率揭示了活动星系核处于高吸积状态的证据

The longest timescale X-ray variability reveals an evidence for active galactic nuclei in the high accretion state

You-Hong Zhang

摘要:

从1996年1月到2009年12月,Rossi X射线定时探测器(RXTE)上的全天监视器(ASM)以类似的采样率连续监测了14年的活动星系核(AGN)。利用27个活动星系核的存档ASM数据,我们计算了迄今为止探索的最长时间尺度(300天至14年)上300天分组X射线光变曲线的归一化超额方差。观测到的方差似乎是独立的活动星系核黑洞质量和热光度,分别。根据银河系黑洞X射线双星(GBH)到活动星系核(AGN)与黑洞质量(和辐射光度)的标度关系,我们的活动星系核(AGN)的功率谱密度(PSD)中所检测到的破裂频率对应的破裂时间尺度大于ASM光变曲线的面元尺寸(300天)。因此,单一打破幂律(软状态)的PSD预测方差分别与质量和亮度无关。尽管如此,双破幂律(硬态)PSD预测,与广泛接受的两个断裂频率的比率,方差随质量增加而增加,随光度增加而减少,分别。因此,观测到的方差与质量和光度的独立性表明活动星系核应该具有软态PSD。如果同时考虑质量和光度对破缺时标的标度,观测到的方差也比硬态PSD预测更符合软态。利用活动星系核的平均方差和软态PSD假设,我们得到了一个普适的PSD振幅$0.030\pm0.022$。通过类比与GBH PSD在高/软状态,最长的时间尺度的可变性支持的观点,AGN是按比例放大GBH在高吸积状态,已经暗示了直接PSD分析。

英文摘要:

The All Sky Monitor (ASM) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) has continuously monitored a number of Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with similar sampling rates for 14 years from 1996 January to 2009 December. Utilizing the archival ASM data of 27 AGNs, we calculate the normalized excess variances of the 300-day binned X-ray light curves on the longest timescale (between 300 days and 14 years) explored so far. The observed variance appears to be independent of AGN black hole mass and bolometric luminosity, respectively. According to the scaling relation with black hole mass (and bolometric luminosity) from Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (GBHs) to AGNs, the break timescales which correspond to the break frequencies detected in the power spectral density (PSD) of our AGNs are larger than binsize (300 days) of the ASM light curves. As a result, the singly broken power-law (soft-state) PSD predicts the variance to be independent of mass and luminosity, respectively. Nevertheless, the doubly-broken power-law (hard-state) PSD predicts, with the widely accepted ratio of the two break frequencies, that the variance increases with increasing mass and decreases with increasing luminosity, respectively. Therefore, the independence of the observed variance on mass and luminosity suggests that AGNs should have the soft-state PSDs. If taking into account the scaling of breaking timescale with mass and luminosity synchronously, the observed variances are also more consistent with the soft-state than the hard-state PSD predictions. With the averaged variance of AGNs and the soft-state PSD assumption, we obtain a universal PSD amplitude of $0.030\pm0.022$. By analogy with the GBH PSDs in the high/soft state, the longest timescale variability supports the standpoint that AGNs are scaled-up GBHs in the high accretion state, as already implied by the direct PSD analysis.

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