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两颗行星围绕最近形成的后共包络双星NN Serpentis运行

Two planets orbiting the recently formed post-common envelope binary NN Serpentis

K. Beuermann, F. V. Hessman, S. Dreizler, T. R. Marsh, S. G. Parsons, D. E. Winget, G. F. Miller, M. R. Schreiber, W. Kley, V. S. Dhillon, S. P. Littlefair, C. … 展开作者

K. Beuermann, F. V. Hessman, S. Dreizler, T. R. Marsh, S. G. Parsons, D. E. Winget, G. F. Miller, M. R. Schreiber, W. Kley, V. S. Dhillon, S. P. Littlefair, C. M. Copperwheat, J. J. Hermes

摘要:

围绕共包络线后双星运行的行星提供了有关行星形成和演化的基本信息。我们在NN Ser ab中寻找这样的行星,NN Ser ab是一个日食短周期双星,显示了长期的日食时间变化。使用出版的,重新分析,和新的中期日食时间的NN Ser AB之间获得1988年和2010年,我们发现极好的协议与光旅行时间的影响,由两个额外的机构叠加在线性星历的二进制。我们的多参数拟合伴随着N体模拟产生最佳拟合的对象NN Ser(ab)c和d锁定在一个2:1的平均运动共振,与轨道周期Pc =15.5 yrs和Pd =7.7 yrs,质量M_csin i_c = 6.9 M_Jup和M_dsin i_d = 2.2 M_Jup,和偏心率e_c=0和e_d=0.20。第二个chi**2最小值对应于周期比为5:2的替代解决方案。我们估计这颗双星的前身是一颗太阳质量约为2 M的A星和一颗轨道间距约为1.5 AU的M矮星。两颗行星在共同包层阶段的生存创造了现在的白矮星,这需要在引力和它们在膨胀包层中所经历的阻力之间进行微调。另一种选择是在这一阶段结束时创建的环双星盘中的第二代起源。在这种情况下,行星将非常年轻,年龄不超过白矮星的冷却年龄10**6年。

英文摘要:

Planets orbiting post-common envelope binaries provide fundamental information on planet formation and evolution. We searched for such planets in NN Ser ab, an eclipsing short-period binary that shows long-term eclipse time variations. Using published, reanalysed, and new mid-eclipse times of NN Ser ab obtained between 1988 and 2010, we find excellent agreement with the light-travel-time effect by two additional bodies superposed on the linear ephemeris of the binary. Our multi-parameter fits accompanied by N-body simulations yield a best fit for the objects NN Ser (ab)c and d locked in a 2:1 mean motion resonance, with orbital periods P_c=15.5 yrs and P_d=7.7 yrs, masses M_c sin i_c = 6.9 M_Jup and M_d sin i_d = 2.2 M_Jup, and eccentricities e_c=0 and e_d=0.20. A secondary chi**2 minimum corresponds to an alternative solution with a period ratio of 5:2. We estimate that the progenitor binary consisted of an A star with ~2 M_Sun and the present M dwarf secondary at an orbital separation of ~1.5 AU. The survival of two planets through the common-envelope phase that created the present white dwarf requires fine tuning between the gravitational force and the drag force experienced by them in the expanding envelope. The alternative is a second-generation origin in a circumbinary disk created at the end of this phase. In that case, the planets would be extremely young with ages not exceeding the cooling age of the white dwarf of 10**6 yrs.

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