arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1010.2233astro-ph.CO
收藏

第一个星系的化石在哪里?II。真实的化石,幽灵光环,以及失踪的明亮卫星

Where are the Fossils of the First Galaxies? II. True Fossils, Ghost Halos, and the Missing Bright Satellites

Mia S. Bovill, Massimo Ricotti

摘要:

我们使用一套新的冷暗物质模拟的本地宇宙,调查银河系内和周围的原始矮星系化石的分布。在整个过程中,我们建立在以前的结果显示协议之间观察到的恒星属性的一个子集的超微弱的矮星和我们的模拟化石。在这里,我们表明,化石的第一个星系的银河中心分布和累积光度函数与观测一致。在我们的模型中,大约有300颗发光的卫星围绕银河系运行,其中大约50-70%是保存完好的化石,这一比例随着银河系的距离而减少。在银河系维里半径范围内,这些化石的大多数光度L_V<10^5 L_solar。相对于观测接近完成的观测,这项工作产生了过多的亮矮星卫星(L_V > 10^4 L_solar)。“明亮的卫星问题”在银河系的外部最为明显。我们估计,虽然相对明亮,原始的恒星星族是非常分散的,产生的人口与表面亮度低于调查的检测限,很容易剥离潮汐力。虽然我们还不能提出本星系群中第一个星系化石存在的确凿证据,但我们的研究结果表明,观测策略可能证明它们的存在。首先,对孤立矮星周围原始恒星的“幽灵晕”的探测将证明恒星在再电离之前形成于迷你晕(M<10^8 M_solar)中,并强烈表明至少有一部分超暗矮星是第一个星系的化石。

英文摘要:

We use a new set of cold dark matter simulations of the local universe to investigate the distribution of fossils of primordial dwarf galaxies within, and around the Milky Way. Throughout, we build upon previous results showing agreement between the observed stellar properties of a subset of the ultra-faint dwarfs and our simulated fossils. Here, we show that fossils of the first galaxies have galactocentric distributions and cumulative luminosity functions consistent with observations. In our model there are ~ 300 luminous satellites orbiting the Milky Way, ~50-70% of which are well preserved fossils, with this fraction decreasing with galactocentric distance. Within the Milky Way virial radius, the majority of these fossils have luminosities L_V<10^5 L_solar. This work produces an overabundance of bright dwarf satellites (L_V > 10^4 L_solar) with respect to observations where observations are nearly complete. The "bright satellite problem" is most evident in the outer parts of the Milky Way. We estimate that, although relatively bright, the primordial stellar populations are very diffuse, producing a population with surface brightnesses below surveys` detection limits and are easily stripped by tidal forces. Although we cannot yet present unmistakable evidence for the existence of the fossils of first galaxies in the Local Group, the results of our studies suggest observational strategies that may demonstrate their existence. Primarily, the detection of "ghost halos" of primordial stars around isolated dwarfs would prove that stars formed in minihalos (M<10^8 M_solar) before reionization, and strongly suggest that at least a fraction of the ultra-faint dwarfs are fossils of the first galaxies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑