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arXiv 1009.5986astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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ULX的硬和软光谱状态

Hard and soft spectral states of ULXs

Roberto Soria

摘要:

我讨论了观测到的超亮X射线源(ULXs)的光谱状态和银河系黑洞中定义的光谱状态的正则方案之间的一些差异。对于具有弯曲光谱的ULX,或者具有软过剩和高能量下降的适度陡峭幂律的ULX,标准解释是它们是非常高状态的延伸,亮度高达~ 1到3 L_{Edd}。两个相互竞争的模型是康普顿化在一个温暖的日冕,和超薄磁盘,我建议批量运动康普顿化在辐射驱动的外流作为另一种可能性。对具有硬幂律谱的ULX的解释更成问题。它们中的一些在很大的光度范围内保持这种状态;其他的则直接切换到弯曲状态,而不经过规范的高/软状态。我认为这些ULX处于银河系黑洞中看不到的高/硬状态;这种状态可能在较低的吸积率下与低/硬状态重叠,并一直延伸到爱丁顿吸积率。如果某些黑洞能够达到爱丁顿吸积率而不切换到标准盘主导的状态,那么它们也有可能永远不会熄灭它们的稳定喷流。

英文摘要:

I discuss some differences between the observed spectral states of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) and the canonical scheme of spectral states defined in Galactic black holes. The standard interpretation of ULXs with a curved spectrum, or a moderately steep power-law with soft excess and high-energy downturn, is that they are an extension of the very high state, up to luminosities ~ 1 to 3 L_{Edd}. Two competing models are Comptonization in a warm corona, and slim disk; I suggest bulk motion Comptonization in the radiatively-driven outflow as another possibility. The interpretation of ULXs with a hard power-law spectrum is more problematic. Some of them remain in that state over a large range of luminosities; others switch directly to a curved state without going through a canonical high/soft state. I suggest that those ULXs are in a high/hard state not seen in Galactic black holes; that state may overlap with the low/hard state at lower accretion rates, and extend all the way to Eddington accretion rates. If some black holes can reach Eddington accretion rates without switching to a standard-disk-dominated state, it is also possible that they never quench their steady jets.

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