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arXiv 1009.4496astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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快速中子俘获过程的普遍性

The Ubiquity of the Rapid Neutron-Capture Process

I. U. Roederer, J. J. Cowan, A. I. Karakas, K. -L. Kratz, M. Lugaro, J. Simmerer, K. Farouqi, C. Sneden

摘要:

为了更好地表征由r-过程产生的丰度模式,我们推导出了重元素锌(Zn)、钇(Y)、镧(La)、铕(Eu)和铅(Pb)的新丰度或上限。我们的161颗贫金属星的样本包括88个高分辨率和高信噪比光谱的新测量结果,这些光谱是由麦克唐纳天文台2.7米史密斯望远镜上的Tull摄谱仪获得的,其他丰度来自文献。我们使用模型的AGB星的S-过程中产生的高Pb/Eu比在低金属丰度的S-过程中,我们的新的观察,然后让我们确定一个样本的恒星没有检测到的S-过程的材料。在这些恒星中,我们发现没有显着增加的Pb/Eu的比例增加金属丰度。这表明,s过程的物质并没有广泛分散,直到银河系的整体金属丰度显著增长,甚至可能高达[Fe/H]=-1.4。我们发现,在[Eu/Fe]<+0.6的贫金属星中,[La/Eu]的色散至少为0.5 dex,这可归因于r过程,这表明在稀土元素对之间没有唯一的“纯”r过程元素比。我们证实了早期探测到的Y/Eu和Eu/Fe之间的反相关性,这些反相关性是由在r过程中强烈富集的恒星(例如,CS 22892-052)和重元素缺乏的那些(例如,HD 122563)。我们可以重现的Y/Eu比率的范围内使用模拟的高熵中微子风的核心坍缩超新星,包括带电粒子和中子捕获组件的r-过程核合成。大多数贫金属星的重元素丰度模式与CS 22892-052不同,但几乎所有没有s过程富集的贫金属星都存在Ba等重元素,这表明r过程是一种普遍现象。

英文摘要:

To better characterize the abundance patterns produced by the r-process, we have derived new abundances or upper limits for the heavy elements zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), europium (Eu), and lead (Pb). Our sample of 161 metal-poor stars includes new measurements from 88 high resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra obtained with the Tull Spectrograph on the 2.7m Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory, and other abundances are adopted from the literature. We use models of the s-process in AGB stars to characterize the high Pb/Eu ratios produced in the s-process at low metallicity, and our new observations then allow us to identify a sample of stars with no detectable s-process material. In these stars, we find no significant increase in the Pb/Eu ratios with increasing metallicity. This suggests that s-process material was not widely dispersed until the overall Galactic metallicity grew considerably, perhaps even as high as [Fe/H]=-1.4. We identify a dispersion of at least 0.5 dex in [La/Eu] in metal-poor stars with [Eu/Fe]<+0.6 attributable to the r-process, suggesting that there is no unique "pure" r-process elemental ratio among pairs of rare earth elements. We confirm earlier detections of an anti-correlation between Y/Eu and Eu/Fe bookended by stars strongly enriched in the r-process (e.g., CS 22892-052) and those with deficiencies of the heavy elements (e.g., HD 122563). We can reproduce the range of Y/Eu ratios using simulations of high-entropy neutrino winds of core-collapse supernovae that include charged-particle and neutron-capture components of r-process nucleosynthesis. The heavy element abundance patterns in most metal-poor stars do not resemble that of CS 22892-052, but the presence of heavy elements such as Ba in nearly all metal-poor stars without s-process enrichment suggests that the r-process is a common phenomenon.

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