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arXiv 1009.1986cond-mat.softphysics.bio-ph
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二维活性凝胶中图案形成与反常输运的微观基础

Microscopic basis for pattern formation and anomalous transport in two-dimensional active gels

David A. Head, Gerhard Gompper, W. J. Briels

AI总结:

本文通过广泛模拟研究了二维活性凝胶中图案形成与反常输运的微观基础,发现高密度和缓慢持续运动的马达会引发反常静态与超扩散质量输运,并指出其源于马达与丝状体间的极性耦合产生的有效自驱动。

摘要:

活性凝胶是一类具有生物学相关性的材料,其中包含的嵌入式活性剂能够自发产生作用于稀疏丝状网络上的力。蛋白质丝和分子马达的体外实验揭示了由马达沿丝状轨道运动所引发的一系列非平衡态图案形成现象,且已有多种流体力学模型试图描述此类系统。在此,我们展示了旨在阐明支撑活性凝胶宏观流动微观基础的广泛模拟结果。我们的数值方案包括丝状位置的热涨落、体积排斥相互作用,以及以弯曲和拉伸模式表现的丝状弹性。马达被单独表示为双极弹簧,其附着、脱离以及马达头部沿丝状轮廓的单向运动由基于速率的规则控制。我们系统地改变马达密度和速度,发现了对应于反常静态和动态的参数区域,这些区域相互重叠但并不重合。反常静态出现在高马达密度下:对于快速马达,表现为端部结合的局部丝状束;对于缓慢且持续运动的马达,则表现为具有增强的小波数密度涨落和幂律簇尺寸分布的扩展簇。反常动态出现在缓慢且持续运动的马达中,涵盖一定范围的马达密度,最明显地表现为超扩散质量输运,我们认为这是马达与丝状体之间极性耦合所导致的某种有效自驱动形式的后果。

英文摘要:

Active gels are a class of biologically-relevant material containing embedded agents that spontaneously generate forces acting on a sparse filament network. In vitro experiments of protein filaments and molecular motors have revealed a range of non- equilibrium pattern formation resulting from motor motion along filament tracks, and there are a number of hydrodynamic models purporting to describe such systems. Here we present results of extensive simulations designed to elucidate the microscopic basis underpinning macroscopic flow in active gels. Our numerical scheme includes thermal fluctuations in filament positions, excluded volume interactions, and filament elasticity in the form of bending and stretching modes. Motors are represented individually as bipolar springs governed by rate-based rules for attachment, detachment and unidirectional motion of motor heads along the filament contour. We systematically vary motor density and speed, and uncover parameter regions corresponding to unusual statics and dynamics which overlap but do not coincide. The anomalous statics arise at high motor densities and take the form of end-bound localized filament bundles for rapid motors, and extended clusters exhibiting enhanced small-wavenumber density fluctuations and power-law cluster-size distributions for slow, processive motors. Anomalous dynamics arise for slow, processive motors over a range of motor densities, and are most evident as superdiffusive mass transport, which we argue is the consequence of a form of effective self-propulsion resulting from the polar coupling between motors and filaments.

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