黑暗中的怪物：超铝GRB 080607及其多尘环境
Monster in the Dark: The Ultraluminous GRB 080607 and its Dusty Environment
摘要：
我们提出了明亮的伽马射线暴GRB 080607的早期光学通过红外测光，开始只有6秒后，在休息帧的初始触发。通过我们以前发表的光谱学补充，这个高质量的光度数据集使我们能够解决红移3.036视线的消光特性，可能是迄今为止我们本地组之外任何视线的紫外连续吸收特性的最详细信息。任何普通的消光模板（包括银河系、大麦云云和小麦哲伦云的平均曲线）都不能充分模拟这种消光特性，部分原因是2175埃的特征（虽然存在）比在当地类似情况下看到的要弱大约两倍。然而，光谱能量分布可以精确地用更一般的费茨帕特里克和马萨（1990）的本群消光参数化来拟合，将其与一些特殊的银河系消光曲线放在同一个家族中。在修正了这种（相当大的，A_V = 3.3 +/- 0.4等）消光之后，GRB 080607被揭示为有史以来观测到的光学上最明亮的事件之一，可以与裸眼爆发GRB 080319 B相媲美。它的早期峰值时间（t_rest < 6 s）表明有一个高的初始洛伦兹因子（Gamma > 600），而极端的亮度可以部分地解释为一个大的环爆流密度。只有因为它早期的高光度，GRB 080607的余辉才能被如此详细地研究，尽管衰减很大，距离很远，使这次爆发成为了解其他高度模糊的河外天体的一个很好的原型，特别是“黑暗”GRB。
英文摘要：
We present early-time optical through infrared photometry of the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 080607, starting only 6 s following the initial trigger in the rest frame. Complemented by our previously published spectroscopy, this high-quality photometric dataset allows us to solve for the extinction properties of the redshift 3.036 sightline, giving perhaps the most detailed information on the ultraviolet continuum absorption properties of any sightline outside our Local Group to date. The extinction properties are not adequately modeled by any ordinary extinction template (including the average Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud, and Small Magellanic Cloud curves), partially because the 2175-Angstrom feature (while present) is weaker by about a factor of two than when seen under similar circumstances locally. However, the spectral energy distribution is exquisitely fitted by the more general Fitzpatrick & Massa (1990) parameterization of Local-Group extinction, putting it in the same family as some peculiar Milky Way extinction curves. After correcting for this (considerable, A_V = 3.3 +/- 0.4 mag) extinction, GRB 080607 is revealed to have been among the most optically luminous events ever observed, comparable to the naked-eye burst GRB 080319B. Its early peak time (t_rest < 6 s) indicates a high initial Lorentz factor (Gamma > 600), while the extreme luminosity may be explained in part by a large circumburst density. Only because of its early high luminosity could the afterglow of GRB 080607 be studied in such detail in spite of the large attenuation and great distance, making this burst an excellent prototype for the understanding of other highly obscured extragalactic objects, and of the class of "dark" GRBs in particular.
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