AI 中文总结
研究跨越6≲z≲14的星系尘埃含量双峰性，通过模拟云尺度机械吹散等过程，利用超新星三维流体动力学模拟得出的吸收不透明度，解释紫外明亮尘埃贫乏星系和红色尘埃大质量系统，将红移z≳10的蓝、红怪物与z≈6 - 7的尘埃星系联系起来。
AI 中文摘要
詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）揭示了红移z>10的星系，其紫外连续谱斜率极蓝，接近β_UV≲ -2.4，且推断尘埃含量低。在类似红移下，JWST和阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵列（ALMA）发现了尘埃含量高的大质量星系，β_UV≳ -1。我们旨在解释红移z≳10的蓝色怪物和红色怪物是聚集恒星形成系统中超新星尘埃留存的不同结果，并将这种双峰性与红移z≈6 - 7的尘埃大质量星系联系起来。我们通过云尺度机械吹散以及从分层的高红移盘突破来模拟在星系团主导区域的尘埃去除。利用多孔分子云中聚集超新星的三维流体动力学模拟得出的吸收不透明度，将紫外衰减层中留存的经激波处理的尘埃质量转换为紫外连续谱斜率。在致密、富含气体的星系中，有效的云吹散和盘突破将留存的尘埃比例降低到蓝色怪物水平，产生β_UV≲ -2.4。更大的恒星质量会增加留存的尘埃柱，产生类似红色怪物的系统，β_UV≳ -1.5，当辐射损失削弱大规模驱动时，β_UV≈ -0.5。这种转变取决于聚集超新星抛射物是否穿过原恒星云和星系气体层。超新星尘埃产生、激波处理、辐射损失和机械排放共同解释了跨越6≲z≲14的紫外明亮、尘埃贫乏星系和红色尘埃大质量系统。
英文摘要
JWST has revealed galaxies at $z>10$ with extremely blue UV-continuum slopes approaching $β_{\rm UV}\lesssim-2.4$, and low inferred dust contents. At similar redshifts, JWST and ALMA reveal dusty massive systems reaching $β_{\rm UV}\gtrsim-1$. We aim to explain blue monsters and red monsters at $z\gtrsim10$ as different outcomes of supernova dust retention in clustered star-forming systems and connect this bimodality to dusty massive galaxies at $z\simeq6$--7. We model dust removal in a cluster-dominated regime through cloud-scale mechanical blowout followed by breakout from stratified high-redshift disks. The shock-processed dust mass retained in the UV-attenuating layer is converted into a UV-continuum slope using absorption opacities derived from 3D hydrodynamical simulations of clustered supernovae in porous molecular clouds. In compact, gas-rich galaxies, efficient cloud blowout and disk breakout reduce the retained dust fraction to blue-monster levels, yielding $β_{\rm UV}\lesssim-2.4$. Larger stellar masses increase the retained dust column and produce red-monster-like systems with $β_{\rm UV}\gtrsim-1.5$, reaching $β_{\rm UV}\simeq-0.5$ when radiative losses weaken large-scale driving. The transition depends on whether clustered-supernova ejecta cross both the natal cloud and the galactic gas layer. Supernova dust production, shock processing, radiative losses, and mechanical venting can jointly explain UV-bright dust-poor galaxies and red dusty massive systems across $6\lesssim z\lesssim14$.
Comments4 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication as a Letter in Astronomy & Astrophysics
