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arXiv 1008.4522astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
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X射线双星的高时间分辨光学/X射线互相关:反相关和快速变率

High time resolution optical/X-ray cross-correlations for X-ray binaries: anti-correlations and rapid variability

Martin Durant, Tariq Shahbaz, Poshak Gandhi, Remon Cornelisse, Teodoro Munoz-Darias, Jorge Casares, Vik Dhillon, Tom Marsh, Hendrik Spruit, Kieran O'Brien, Danny Steeghs, Rob Hynes

摘要:

利用X射线和光学的同时观测,我们对四个X射线双星:SWIFT J1753.5-0127,GX 339-4,Sco X-1和Cyg X-2的互相关行为进行了均匀分析。通过使用ULTRACAM和RXTE的高时间分辨率观测,我们集中在这些源的短时间尺度(dt<20 s)的变化。在这里,我们提出了我们的观测数据库,同时在光学和X射线的三个能量带,和多个时期的观察每个源,所有的~秒或更好的时间分辨率。对于第一次,我们包括一个动态互相关分析,即,对交叉关联函数在观测值内如何变化的研究。我们描述了一些出现的趋势。我们包括完整的数据集的结果,并从中挑选了一些显着的关系进行进一步的讨论。我们发现,令人惊讶的形式的X射线/光学交叉关联函数,一个正相关信号之前的反相关信号,被认为是在所有的源至少在一些时间。这种行为表明,除后处理外,还有一种机制是光发射短期变化的主要驱动因素。当X射线光谱较硬时,这种行为显得更为明显。此外,我们发现互相关关系本身在时间上是不稳定的,但在强度和形式上变化很大。这一切都暗示了可以通过非线性或微分关系建模的发射组件之间的动态相互作用。

英文摘要:

Using simultaneous observations in X-rays and optical, we have performed a homogeneous analysis of the cross-correlation behaviours of four X-ray binaries: SWIFT J1753.5-0127, GX 339-4, Sco X-1, and Cyg X-2. With high time-resolution observations using ULTRACAM and RXTE, we concentrate on the short time-scale, dt<20 s, variability in these sources. Here we present our database of observations, with three simultaneous energy bands in both the optical and the X-ray, and multiple epochs of observation for each source, all with ~second or better time resolution. For the first time, we include a dynamical cross-correlation analysis, i.e., an investigation of how the cross-correlation function changes within an observation. We describe a number of trends which emerge. We include the full dataset of results, and pick a few striking relationships from among them for further discussion. We find, that the surprising form of X-ray/optical cross-correlation functions, a positive correlation signal preceded by an anti-correlation signal, is seen in all the sources at least some of the time. Such behaviour suggests a mechanism other than reprocessing as being the dominant driver of the short-term variability in the optical emission. This behaviour appears more pronounced when the X-ray spectrum is hard. Furthermore, we find that the cross-correlation relationships themselves are not stable in time, but vary significantly in strength and form. This all hints at dynamic interactions between the emitting components which could be modelled through non-linear or differential relationships.

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