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arXiv 0905.0587astro-ph.HE
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黑洞X射线双星硬态吸积盘的变化

Accretion disc variability in the hard state of black hole X-ray binaries

Tony Wilkinson, Philip Uttley

摘要:

硬态黑洞X射线双星(BHXRB)SWIFT J1753.5-0127和GX 339-4的XMM-牛顿X射线谱显示了吸积盘黑体发射的证据,除了硬幂律。这些源的软带和硬带功率谱密度(PSD)在很宽的时间尺度上表现出可变性。然而,在几十秒的时间尺度上,对应于PSD中假定的低频洛伦兹,在软带中存在额外的功率。为了解释这种行为,我们引入了一种新的光谱分析技术,“协方差谱”,解开的贡献的X射线光谱分量的变化在不同的时间尺度。我们使用这种技术来表明,光盘黑体分量在所有的时间尺度上变化,但变化更大,相对于幂律,在更长的时间尺度。这种行为解释了在软带中观察到的额外的长期可变性。在GX 339-4的协方差谱中看到的黑体和铁线归一化的比较意味着短期黑体变化是由圆盘吸收的幂律连续体的热再处理驱动的。然而,由于可变反射的振幅在长时间尺度和短时间尺度上是相同的,我们排除了再加工作为长时间尺度上增强光盘可变性的原因。因此,我们得出结论,长时间尺度的黑体变化是由在光盘本身的不稳定性,在BHXRB软状态中看到的稳定的光盘相反。我们的研究结果提供了第一个观测证据表明,低频洛伦兹功能目前在PSD是由吸积盘。

英文摘要:

XMM-Newton X-ray spectra of the hard state Black Hole X-Ray Binaries (BHXRBs) SWIFT J1753.5-0127 and GX 339-4 show evidence for accretion disc blackbody emission, in addition to hard power-laws. The soft and hard band Power-Spectral Densities (PSDs) of these sources demonstrate variability over a wide range of time-scales. However, on time-scales of tens of seconds, corresponding to the putative low-frequency Lorentzian in the PSD, there is additional power in the soft band. To interpret this behaviour, we introduce a new spectral analysis technique, the `covariance spectrum', to disentangle the contribution of the X-ray spectral components to variations on different time-scales. We use this technique to show that the disc blackbody component varies on all time-scales, but varies more, relative to the power-law, on longer time-scales. This behaviour explains the additional long-term variability seen in the soft band. Comparison of the blackbody and iron line normalisations seen in the covariance spectra in GX 339-4 implies that the short-term blackbody variations are driven by thermal reprocessing of the power-law continuum absorbed by the disc. However, since the amplitude of variable reflection is the same on long and short time-scales, we rule out reprocessing as the cause of the enhanced disc variability on long time-scales. Therefore we conclude that the long-time-scale blackbody variations are caused by instabilities in the disc itself, in contrast to the stable discs seen in BHXRB soft states. Our results provide the first observational evidence that the low-frequency Lorentzian feature present in the PSD is produced by the accretion disc.

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