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arXiv 1008.2144astro-ph.HE
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大质量恒星及其超新星

Massive Stars and their Supernovae

Friedrich-Karl Thielemann, Raphael Hirschi, Matthias Liebendörfer, Roland Diehl

摘要:

大质量恒星及其超新星是放射性同位素的主要来源,因此对它们的观测有助于改进我们的天体物理模型。我们对恒星演化和最终爆炸终点(如超新星或超超新星或伽马射线暴的理解依赖于磁流体动力学、伴随成分变化的核反应产生的能量、辐射输运和热力学性质(如恒星物质的状态方程)的组合。核能生产包括在恒星演化和爆炸结束阶段触发的所有核反应,也包括在此过程中产生的不稳定同位素。辐射输运涵盖了光子输运的原子物理学(例如不透明度),但也包括核物理学和中微子核子/核相互作用的后期阶段和核心崩溃。在这里,我们想集中在天体物理方面,即描述大质量恒星的演化及其端点,特别强调其喷出物的组成(在演化过程中的恒星风或爆炸喷出物的形式)。低质量和中等质量的恒星在演化结束时会变成一颗含有未燃烧的C和O成分的白矮星。大质量恒星演化超过这一点,并经历所有的恒星燃烧阶段,从H到He,C,Ne,O和Si燃烧,直到核心坍缩和爆炸结束阶段。在这一章中,我们将更详细地讨论所涉及的核合成过程和放射性核的产生。

英文摘要:

Massive stars and their supernovae are prominent sources of radioactive isotopes, the observations of which thus can help to improve our astrophysical models of those. Our understanding of stellar evolution and the final explosive endpoints such as supernovae or hypernovae or gamma-ray bursts relies on the combination of magneto-hydrodynamics, energy generation due to nuclear reactions accompanying composition changes, radiation transport, and thermodynamic properties (such as the equation of state of stellar matter). Nuclear energy production includes all nuclear reactions triggered during stellar evolution and explosive end stages, also among unstable isotopes produced on the way. Radiation transport covers atomic physics (e.g. opacities) for photon transport, but also nuclear physics and neutrino nucleon/nucleus interactions in late phases and core collapse. Here we want to focus on the astrophysical aspects, i.e. a description of the evolution of massive stars and their endpoints, with a special emphasis on the composition of their ejecta (in form of stellar winds during the evolution or of explosive ejecta). Low and intermediate mass stars end their evolution as a white dwarf with an unburned C and O composition. Massive stars evolve beyond this point and experience all stellar burning stages from H over He, C, Ne, O and Si-burning up to core collapse and explosive endstages. In this chapter we discuss the nucleosynthesis processes involved and the production of radioactive nuclei in more detail.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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