磁活性平面螺旋超导RF超材料
Superconducting RF Metamaterials Made with Magnetically Active Planar Spirals
摘要：
与普通金属材料相比，超导超材料结合了低损耗、大电感（加上动力学电感）和极高的可调谐性的优点。因此，它们允许实现在低频下操作的紧凑设计。最近，我们通过使用Nb薄膜开发了具有高负载品质因数和小至$\sim$ $λ$ 658（$λ$是自由空间波长）的电尺寸的射频（RF）超材料。RF超材料由用光刻技术图案化的真正平面螺旋组成。这些超材料的线性传输特性在低于Nb的$T_c$的亚100 MHz频率范围内显示出鲁棒的洛伦兹共振峰。虽然Nb是一种非磁性材料，但由RF信号产生的螺旋中的循环电流会产生强磁响应，由于设计的超导性质，可以通过温度或磁场敏感地调谐。我们还观察到强的非线性和亚稳态跳跃的传输数据与RF输入功率的增加，直到Nb被驱动到正常状态。我们讨论了修改的因素，从单一的和1-D阵列的螺旋线的数值模拟的光感生磁响应。
英文摘要：
Superconducting metamaterials combine the advantages of low-loss, large inductance (with the addition of kinetic inductance), and extreme tunability compared to their normal metal counterparts. Therefore, they allow realization of compact designs operating at low frequencies. We have recently developed radio frequency (RF) metamaterials with a high loaded quality factor and an electrical size as small as $\sim$$λ$658, ($λ$ is the free space wavelength) by using Nb thin films. The RF metamaterial is composed of truly planar spirals patterned with lithographic techniques. Linear transmission characteristics of these metamaterials show robust Lorentzian resonant peaks in the sub- 100 MHz frequency range below the $T_c$ of Nb. Though Nb is a non-magnetic material, the circulating currents in the spirals generated by RF signals produce a strong magnetic response, which can be tuned sensitively either by temperature or magnetic field thanks to the superconducting nature of the design. We have also observed strong nonlinearity and meta-stable jumps in the transmission data with increasing RF input power until the Nb is driven into the normal state. We discuss the factors modifying the induced magnetic response from single and 1-D arrays of spirals in the light of numerical simulations.
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