超材料超导螺旋谐振器中射频驻波的相位分辨可视化
Phase-resolved visualization of radio-frequency standing waves in superconducting spiral resonator for metamaterial applications
摘要：
超导微电路和超材料是新一代低温电子学中很有前途的候选材料。它们的功能在很大程度上是由电磁场在排列的晶胞中的宏观分布来证明的，而不是由复合材料的微观特性来证明的。我们提出了一种新的方法可视化的空间结构的穿透微波与微观分辨率的平面超导宏观谐振器作为最重要的电路形成现代微电子学的元素。该方法使用低温激光扫描显微镜来检查相（即，方向）和局部射频电流的幅度相对于被测超导谐振结构的二维坐标。通过使强度调制的激光辐射与穿过样品的微波信号的谐振谐波同步来实现相敏对比度。在这种情况下，照射区域中的激光束诱导损耗将强烈地依赖于RF载波信号与聚焦激光振荡的空间时间结构之间的局部相位差。这种方法消除了现有射频显微镜技术的硬件限制，并将相敏解调模式带到了研究超导超材料物理所需的水平。所提出的方法比以前的RF激光扫描显微镜的方法的优点是证明了由螺旋超导阿基米德谐振器中的驻波的形成的第38个本征模共振的例子。
英文摘要：
Superconducting microcircuits and metamaterials are promising candidates for use in new generation cryogenic electronics. Their functionality is largely justified by the macroscopic distribution of electromagnetic fields in arranged unit cells, rather than by the microscopic properties of composite materials. We present a new method for visualizing the spatial structure of penetrating microwaves with microscopic resolution in planar superconducting macroscopic resonators as the most important circuit-forming elements of modern microelectronics. This method uses a low-temperature laser scanning microscope that examines the phase (i.e., direction) and amplitude of local radio-frequency currents versus the two-dimensional coordinates of the superconducting resonant structure under test. Phase-sensitive contrast is achieved by synchronizing the intensity-modulated laser radiation with the resonant harmonics of the microwave signal passing through the sample. In this case, the laser-beam-induced loss in the illuminated area will strongly depend on the local phase difference between the RF carrier signal and the spatially temporal structure of the focused laser oscillation. This approach eliminates the hardware limitations of the existing technique of radio-frequency microscopy and brings the phase-sensitive demodulation mode to the level necessary for studying the physics of superconducting metamaterials. The advantage of the presented method over the previous method of RF laser scanning microscopy is demonstrated by the example of the formation of standing waves in a spiral superconducting Archimedean resonator up to the 38th eigenmode resonance.
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