分子密码的物理语言：生物密码进化和出现的率失真方法
The physical language of molecular codes: A rate-distortion approach to the evolution and emergence of biological codes
摘要：
生物体的功能取决于其信息处理网络的性能，该网络通过分子识别传递信息。这些网络中的许多路径利用分子密码本，如遗传密码，将一类分子中的信息翻译成另一种分子“语言”。本文探讨了率失真理论的分子码的出现和演变，并回顾了这种方法的最新成果。我们讨论了如何通过优化其分子编码机制来最大限度地提高生物体适应性的生物学问题等价于设计最佳信息通道的通信工程问题。分子密码的适应性考虑了通道的质量和生物体在构建和维护通道时所需投入的资源成本之间的相互作用。我们分析了一个种群的生物体，根据其代码的健身竞争的动态。该模型提出了一个通用的机制出现的分子代码作为一个相变的信息通道。这种机制被放入生物学背景下，并在一个简单的例子中证明。
英文摘要：
The function of the organism hinges on the performance of its information-processing networks, which convey information via molecular recognition. Many paths within these networks utilize molecular codebooks, such as the genetic code, to translate information written in one class of molecules into another molecular "language" . The present paper examines the emergence and evolution of molecular codes in terms of rate-distortion theory and reviews recent results of this approach. We discuss how the biological problem of maximizing the fitness of an organism by optimizing its molecular coding machinery is equivalent to the communication engineering problem of designing an optimal information channel. The fitness of a molecular code takes into account the interplay between the quality of the channel and the cost of resources which the organism needs to invest in its construction and maintenance. We analyze the dynamics of a population of organisms that compete according to the fitness of their codes. The model suggests a generic mechanism for the emergence of molecular codes as a phase transition in an information channel. This mechanism is put into biological context and demonstrated in a simple example.
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