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朝向大质量恒星形成区的H2O +/ H2O比值的变化

Variations in H2O+/H2O ratios toward massive star-forming regions

F. Wyrowski, F. van der Tak, F. Herpin, A. Baudry, S. Bontemps, L. Chavarria, W. Frieswijk, T. Jacq, M. Marseille, R. Shipman, E. F van Dishoeck, A. O. Benz, P.… 展开作者

F. Wyrowski, F. van der Tak, F. Herpin, A. Baudry, S. Bontemps, L. Chavarria, W. Frieswijk, T. Jacq, M. Marseille, R. Shipman, E. F van Dishoeck, A. O. Benz, P. Caselli, M. R. Hogerheijde, D. Johnstone, R. Liseau, R. Bachiller, M. Benedettini, E. Bergin, P. Bjerkeli, G. Blake, J. Braine, S. Bruderer, J. Cernicharo, C. Codella, F. Daniel, A. M. di Giorgio, C. Dominik, S. D. Doty, P. Encrenaz, M. Fich, A. Fuente, T. Giannini, J. R. Goicoechea, Th. de Graauw, F. Helmich, G. J. Herczeg, J. K. Jørgensen, L. E. Kristensen, B. Larsson, D. Lis, C. McCoey, G. Melnick, B. Nisini, M. Olberg, B. Parise, J. C. Pearson, R. Plume, C. Risacher, J. Santiago, P. Saraceno, M. Tafalla, T. A. van Kempen, R. Visser, S. Wampfler, U. A. Yıldız, J. H. Black, E. Falgarone, M. Gerin, P. Roelfsema, P. Dieleman, D. Beintema, A. De Jonge, N. Whyborn, J. Stutzki, V. Ossenkopf

摘要:

赫歇尔空间天文台的早期结果显示,水阳离子H2O+是星际介质的丰富成分。在这里,我们提出了新的观测H2O和H2O+线在1113.3和1115.2 GHz使用赫歇尔空间天文台对一个样本的高质量恒星形成区的观测研究H2O和H2O+之间的关系。十分之九的来源显示在一系列环境中吸收H2O+:形成和新形成的大质量恒星周围的分子团,与大质量原恒星相关的明亮高速流出物,以及视线上不相关的低密度云。每个H2 O+速度分量的柱密度在10^12到几个10^13 cm-2之间。最高的N(H2O+)柱密度被发现在流出的源。H2O+/H2O的比率被确定在从0.01到几个的范围内,并被发现在所观察到的环境之间有很大的不同,在大规模(原)集群信封(0.01-0.1)比外流和扩散云的比率低得多。值得注意的是,即使对于在发射中检测到H2O的源组分,H2O+仍然在吸收中看到。

英文摘要:

Early results from the Herschel Space Observatory revealed the water cation H2O+ to be an abundant ingredient of the interstellar medium. Here we present new observations of the H2O and H2O+ lines at 1113.3 and 1115.2 GHz using the Herschel Space Observatory toward a sample of high-mass star-forming regions to observationally study the relation between H2O and H2O+ . Nine out of ten sources show absorption from H2O+ in a range of environments: the molecular clumps surrounding the forming and newly formed massive stars, bright high-velocity outflows associated with the massive protostars, and unrelated low-density clouds along the line of sight. Column densities per velocity component of H2 O+ are found in the range of 10^12 to a few 10^13 cm-2 . The highest N(H2O+) column densities are found in the outflows of the sources. The ratios of H2O+/H2O are determined in a range from 0.01 to a few and are found to differ strongly between the observed environments with much lower ratios in the massive (proto)cluster envelopes (0.01-0.1) than in outflows and diffuse clouds. Remarkably, even for source components detected in H2O in emission, H2O+ is still seen in absorption.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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