arXiv 1007.12562010-07-07astro-ph.COastro-ph.IM

未知和未知的未知：从黑暗的天空到暗物质和暗能量

Unknowns and unknown unknowns: from dark sky to dark matter and dark energy

Yasushi Suto

备注：: 11 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Observational frontiesr of astronomy for the new decade", based on a plenary talk on June 28, 2010
DOI：: 10.1117/12.862580

摘要：

解决众所周知的基本问题通常被认为是科学的主要目标。然而，发现其他未知的基本问题更为重要。认识到“我们什么都不知道”是下一代的基本科学驱动力。宇宙学确实享有这样一个激动人心的时代。我们宇宙的组成是什么？这是哲学家、天文学家和物理学家几个世纪以来一直试图回答的著名基本问题之一。大约在上个世纪末，宇宙学家终于认识到“我们什么都不知道”。除了占宇宙不到5%的原子外，我们的宇宙显然是由未知成分主导的; 23%是已知的未知物质（暗物质），72%是未知的未知物质（暗能量）。在回答一个已知的基本问题的过程中，我们发现了一个未知的，甚至更基本的问题：“什么是暗物质？什么是暗能量？“对于暗物质有多种现实的粒子物理模型，它的实验探测可能是触手可及的。另一方面，公平地说，没有一个被广泛接受的理论框架来描述暗能量的性质。这就是为什么天文观测将在揭示其性质方面发挥关键作用。我将回顾我们目前对“黑暗天空”的理解，然后介绍正在进行的日本项目SuMIRe，以发现更多意想不到的问题。

英文摘要：

Answering well-known fundamental questions is usually regarded as the major goal of science. Discovery of other unknown and fundamental questions is, however, even more important. Recognition that "we didn't know anything" is the basic scientific driver for the next generation. Cosmology indeed enjoys such an exciting epoch. What is the composition of our universe? This is one of the well-known fundamental questions that philosophers, astronomers and physicists have tried to answer for centuries. Around the end of the last century, cosmologists finally recognized that "We didn't know anything". Except for atoms that comprise slightly less than 5% of the universe, our universe is apparently dominated by unknown components; 23% is the known unknown (dark matter), and 72% is the unknown unknown (dark energy). In the course of answering a known fundamental question, we have discovered an unknown, even more fundamental, question: "What is dark matter? What is dark energy?" There are a variety of realistic particle physics models for dark matter, and its experimental detection may be within reach. On the other hand, it is fair to say that there is no widely accepted theoretical framework to describe the nature of dark energy. This is exactly why astronomical observations will play a key role in unveiling its nature. I will review our current understanding of the "dark sky", and then present on-going Japanese project, SuMIRe, to discover even more unexpected questions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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