潘天+超新星中的各向同性减速和近零基线加速度：暗能量辩论中的新论据
Accelerating expansion and isotropic sky-hemisphere consistency in Pantheon+ supernovae: a revised analysis in the dark energy debate
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究利用潘天+目录中的Ia型超新星对减速参数$q_0$进行四次独立分解，在无前身星年龄校正时样本得出的$q_m$远低于ΛCDM预期，且天空半球测试结果与SRS26论点矛盾，挑战了当前暗能量辩论的两种解释。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们使用潘天+目录中的1564颗Ia型超新星对减速参数$q_0$进行了四次独立分解：按红移区间、天空半球、宿主星系质量和超新星颜色。在没有任何前身星年龄校正的情况下，整个样本得出$q_m$ = - 0.062，远低于ΛCDM预期的- 0.55，在任何校正之前就对标准图景提出了挑战。关键的是，天空半球测试表明，在CMB偶极（$q_m$ = + 1.45）和反偶极半球（+ 1.55）中减速同样强烈，这直接与SRS26各向异性论点相矛盾。我们的结果对当前的两种解释都提出了挑战。
英文摘要
We perform four independent decompositions of the deceleration parameter $q_0$ using 1564 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Pantheon+ catalogue: by redshift bin, sky hemisphere, host galaxy mass, and supernova colour, correcting a coordinate error identified by Sah, Rameez & Sarkar (SRS26) in the sky-hemisphere direction used in our original analysis. Without any progenitor-age correction, the full sample yields $q_m=-0.490$, consistent with the $Λ$CDM expectation of $-0.55$. Applying the Son et al. (S25) progenitor-age correction shifts this to $q_m=-0.267$, remaining in the accelerating regime. The sky hemisphere test, using the corrected CMB dipole direction (RA$=167.80^\circ$, Dec$=-7.10^\circ$), shows consistent results between the CMB dipole ($q_m=-0.527$) and anti-dipole ($q_m=-0.464$) hemispheres, supporting isotropy but not the strong deceleration values reported previously. Our revised results are consistent with \lcdm{} and do not support either the original claim of near-zero baseline acceleration or the S25/SRS26 claim of a decelerating universe.
