简单的法规如何大大减少不平等
How simple regulations can greatly reduce inequality
摘要：
许多市场动态模型都利用了经济主体之间财富交换的概念。一个简单的类比是将社会中的财富与物理系统中的能量进行比较，将代理人之间的交易与碰撞过程中分子之间的能量交换进行比较。然而，虽然在物理系统中能量均分是有效的，但在大多数经济市场的交换模型中，系统收敛到一个非常不平等的“浓缩”状态，一个或几个代理人集中了社会的所有财富，而大多数代理人分享零或非常小的一部分财富。在这里，我们提出了一个交换模型，其目标不仅是为了避免冷凝，但也减少了不平等;为了实现这一目标，相互作用的代理人的选择是不是随机的，但遵循极值动态调节的财富的代理。资本最少的代理人的财富是随机变化的，这个最穷的代理人的新旧财富之间的差异是从其他代理人那里获得的，因此建立了一个财富再分配的监管工具。我们比较了不同的再分配过程，并得出结论，可以得到一个非常简单的规定，一个急剧减少的不平等。
英文摘要：
Many models of market dynamics make use of the idea of wealth exchanges among economic agents. A simple analogy compares the wealth in a society with the energy in a physical system, and the trade between agents to the energy exchange between molecules during collisions. However, while in physical systems the equipartition of energy is valid, in most exchange models for economic markets the system converges to a very unequal "condensed" state, where one or a few agents concentrate all the wealth of the society and the wide majority of agents shares zero or a very tiny fraction of the wealth. Here we present an exchange model where the goal is not only to avoid condensation but also to reduce the inequality; to carry out this objective the choice of interacting agents is not at random, but follows an extremal dynamics regulated by the wealth of the agent. The wealth of the agent with the minimum capital is changed at random and the difference between the ancient and the new wealth of this poorest agent is taken from other agents, so establishing a regulatory tool for wealth redistribution. We compare different redistribution processes and conclude that a drastic reduction of the inequality can be obtained with very simple regulations.
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