arXiv 1006.09692010-06-04cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elquant-ph

冷原子量子临界性的测量技术

Techniques to measure quantum criticality in cold atoms

Kaden R. A. Hazzard, Erich J. Mueller

备注：: 12 double spaced pages (main text), 12 double spaced pages (supplementary information), 4 figures (10 panels)
发表信息：: Phys. Rev. A 84, 013604 (2011)
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.013604

摘要：

试图理解零温度相变迫使物理学家考虑一种凝聚态物理标准范式崩溃的状态[1-4]。这些量子临界系统缺乏弱相互作用准粒子的简单描述，但在过去的20年里，物理学家对它们的性质有了深入的了解。最引人注目的是，理论预测，普适标度关系描述了它们在非常高的温度下的有限温度热力学。不幸的是，这些通用函数很难计算：例如，没有可靠的通用技术[4，5]来计算动力学的尺度函数。将冷原子实验视为量子模拟器[6]，我们展示了如何从（非通用）原子密度分布或光谱测量中提取通用标度函数。这些实验可以解决有关Mott-Metal交叉[7，8]和有限密度O（2）转子模型[1，9]的动力学的重要开放问题，对高温超导铜氧化物[10，11]，重费米子材料[12]和石墨烯[13]的理论产生直接影响。

英文摘要：

Attempts to understand zero temperature phase transitions have forced physicists to consider a regime where the standard paradigms of condensed matter physics break down [1-4]. These quantum critical systems lack a simple description in terms of weakly interacting quasiparticles, but over the past 20 years physicists have gained deep insights into their properties. Most dramatically, theory predicts that universal scaling relationships describe their finite temperature thermodynamics up to remarkably high temperatures. Unfortunately, these universal functions are hard to calculate: for example there are no reliable general techniques [4,5] to calculate the scaling functions for dynamics. Viewing a cold atom experiment as a quantum simulator [6], we show how to extract universal scaling functions from (non-universal) atomic density profiles or spectroscopic measurements. Such experiments can resolve important open questions about the Mott-Metal crossover [7,8] and the dynamics of the finite density O(2) rotor model [1,9], with direct impact on theories of, for example, high temperature superconducting cuprates [10,11], heavy fermion materials [12], and graphene [13].

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