地中微子与硅酸盐地球对U、Th的富集
Geo-neutrinos and Silicate Earth Enrichment of U and Th
摘要：
地球上U、Th和K丰度的分布控制着地球的热演化过程，反映了地球的整体组成。通过将大块地球的组成与陨石的组成进行比较，可以估算出这些放射性产热元素可分配到地壳、地幔和地核的净含量。岩心形成使硅酸盐土中U、Th等难熔亲石元素丰度增加约1.5。挥发性元素的全球去除可能会使这种富集增加到约2.8。硅酸盐土壤的K含量取决于K与U的比例。可变富集产生一系列可能的产热元素丰度的硅酸盐地球。一个模型评估基本上固定量的U，Th和K在近似封闭的地壳水库。从硅酸盐地球中的变量中减去这些隔离的地壳量，得到一系列可能的地幔分配，使全球动力学和热演化受到很大限制。来自U和Th衰变系列中β发射子核的地球反中微子以可忽略的衰减穿过地球。大型地下仪器观测这些地中微子的速率取决于U和Th相对于探测器的分布。地球中微子观测的灵敏度U和Th在地幔中能够估计硅酸盐地球富集，导致一个更完整的了解的起源，吸积，分化和热历史的行星。
英文摘要：
The terrestrial distribution of U, Th, and K abundances governs the thermal evolution, traces the differentiation, and reflects the bulk composition of the earth. Comparing the bulk earth composition to chondritic meteorites estimates the net amounts of these radiogenic heat-producing elements available for partitioning to the crust, mantle, and core. Core formation enriches the abundances of refractory lithophile elements, including U and Th, in the silicate earth by ~1.5. Global removal of volatile elements potentially increases this enrichment to ~2.8. The K content of the silicate earth follows from the ratio of K to U. Variable enrichment produces a range of possible heat-producing element abundances in the silicate earth. A model assesses the essentially fixed amounts of U, Th, and K in the approximately closed crust reservoir. Subtracting these sequestered crustal amounts from the variable amounts in the silicate earth results in a range of possible mantle allocations, leaving global dynamics and thermal evolution poorly constrained. Terrestrial antineutrinos from β-emitting daughter nuclei in the U and Th decay series traverse the earth with negligible attenuation. The rate at which large subsurface instruments observe these geo-neutrinos depends on the distribution of U and Th relative to the detector. Geo-neutrino observations with sensitivity to U and Th in the mantle are able to estimate silicate earth enrichment, leading to a more complete understanding of the origin, accretion, differentiation, and thermal history of the planet.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
