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arXiv 1005.3744astro-ph.EP
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原行星盘中引力不稳定性引起的恒星运动

Stellar Motion Induced by Gravitational Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks

Scott Michael, R. H. Durisen

摘要:

我们测试的影响,恒星运动的假设在原行星盘周围的太阳型恒星的引力不稳定性的行为进行两个模拟,是在所有方面相同的,除了治疗的恒星。在一个模拟中,假设恒星保持固定在惯性参考系的中心。在另一个,恒星运动处理得当,包括一个间接的潜在的流体动力学方程模型的恒星的参考系作为一个加速的恒星/磁盘的相互作用。这两个模拟中的圆盘都围绕着一颗太阳质量的恒星运行,最初从2.3到40 AU,表面密度分布为r^-1/2,总质量为0.14 M太阳。假设γ = 5/3的理想气体以两个外旋转周期的恒定冷却时间处处冷却。盘演化的总体行为是相似的,除了在间接势的情况下,GI活动的各种测量值最多减弱了大约百分之几十。我们小组在早期的论文中关于盘演化的总体结论仍然有效,其中恒星总是被假定为固定在惯性系中。没有证据表明独立的单臂不稳定性,如吊索,在这两个模拟。另一方面,恒星运动的系统质心(COM)的模拟与间接潜力是实质性的,高达0.25 AU在爆发阶段,作为GI启动,并平均约0.9 AU在渐近阶段,当GI达到加热和冷却的总体平衡。这些运动似乎是一个恒星的响应离散全球螺旋模式之间的非线性相互作用的爆发和渐近阶段的演变,和恒星的轨道运动的COM反映了磁盘材料的轨道周期附近的主导螺旋波的共转半径。原则上,这种运动足够大,可以被观测到,并且可能会与恒星摆动混淆,因为存在一个或多个超级木星质量的原行星在10的AU轨道上运行。我们讨论了为什么我们的模拟中的偏移比Rice et al. 2003 a的模拟中看到的偏移大得多。

英文摘要:

We test the effect of assumptions about stellar motion on the behavior of gravitational instabilities in protoplanetary disks around solar-type stars by performing two simulations that are identical in all respects except the treatment of the star. In one simulation, the star is assumed to remain fixed at the center of the inertial reference frame. In the other, stellar motion is handled properly by including an indirect potential in the hydrodynamic equations to model the star's reference frame as one which is accelerated by star/disk interactions. The disks in both simulations orbit a solar mass star, initially extend from 2.3 to 40 AU with a r^-1/2 surface density profile, and have a total mass of 0.14 M_sun. The gamma = 5/3 ideal gas is assumed to cool everywhere with a constant cooling time of two outer rotation periods. The overall behavior of the disk evolution is similar, except for weakening in various measures of GI activity by about at most tens of percent for the indirect potential case. Overall conclusions about disk evolution in earlier papers by our group, where the star was always assumed to be fixed in an inertial frame, remain valid. There is no evidence for independent one-armed instabilities, like SLING, in either simulation. On the other hand, the stellar motion about the system center of mass (COM) in the simulation with the indirect potential is substantial, up to 0.25 AU during the burst phase, as GIs initiate, and averaging about 0.9 AU during the asymptotic phase, when the GIs reach an overall balance of heating and cooling. These motions appear to be a stellar response to nonlinear interactions between discrete global spiral modes in both the burst and asymptotic phases of the evolution, and the star's orbital motion about the COM reflects the orbit periods of disk material near the corotation radii of the dominant spiral waves. This motion is, in principle, large enough to be observable and could be confused with stellar wobble due to the presence of one or more super-Jupiter mass protoplanets orbiting at 10's AU. We discuss why the excursions in our simulation are so much larger than those seen in simulations by Rice et al. 2003a.

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