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arXiv 1005.3041astro-ph.CO
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星系形成的莱曼α冷却辐射

Lyman-alpha Cooling Emission from Galaxy Formation

C. -A. Faucher-Giguere, D. Keres, M. Dijkstra, L. Hernquist, M. Zaldarriaga

摘要:

最近的研究表明,星系通过冷模从温度T~10^4-10^5 K的流中吸积了它们的大部分重子。在这些温度下,这些流应该主要在Lya线上辐射,因此被提议作为一种模型来为被称为Lya斑点和其他高红移Lya源的扩展的高红移物体提供动力。我们介绍了一个新的Lya辐射转移程序aRT,并将其应用于宇宙学流体动力学模拟。我们解决的物理和数值问题,是至关重要的冷却光度的准确预测,但大多被忽视或处理简单到目前为止。我们强调的重要性,自我屏蔽和正确处理次分辨率模型在模拟中。大多数现有的模拟不自洽地将这些影响,这可能会导致数量级的预测冷却光度的错误。使用后处理电离辐射转移和再模拟技术相结合,我们开发了一个近似的自保护气体的一致性演变。对于纯气体吸积的简化问题,我们量化了z=3时Lya冷却光度对晕质量的依赖性。虽然在大质量晕中冷却(没有来自恒星形成和活动星系核的额外能量输入)原则上足以产生L_alpha~10^43-10^44 erg s^-1的团块,但这需要包括密度足以形成恒星的气体中释放的能量,但在我们乐观的估计中,这些气体保持100%气态。排除这种致密气体的发射,在高质量下会产生高达一到两个数量级的低光度,这使得很难用纯冷却来解释观察到的Lya斑点。共振散射产生漫Lya晕,即使是集中发射,和广泛的双峰线轮廓。[删节]

英文摘要:

Recent studies have shown that galaxies accrete most of their baryons via the cold mode, from streams with temperatures T~10^4-10^5 K. At these temperatures, the streams should radiate primarily in the Lya line and have therefore been proposed as a model to power the extended, high-redshift objects known as Lya blobs and other high-redshift Lya sources. We introduce a new Lya radiative transfer code, aRT, and apply it to cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We address physical and numerical issues that are critical to making accurate predictions for the cooling luminosity, but that have been mostly neglected or treated simplistically so far. We highlight the importance of self-shielding and of properly treating sub-resolution models in simulations. Most existing simulations do not self-consistently incorporate these effects, which can lead to order-of-magnitude errors in the predicted cooling luminosity. Using a combination of post-processing ionizing radiative transfer and re-simulation techniques, we develop an approximation to the consistent evolution of the self-shielded gas. We quantify the dependence of the Lya cooling luminosity on halo mass at z=3 for the simplified problem of pure gas accretion. While cooling in massive halos (without additional energy input from star formation and AGN) is in principle sufficient to produce L_alpha~10^43-10^44 erg s^-1 blobs, this requires including energy released in gas of density sufficient to form stars, but which is kept 100% gaseous in our optimistic estimates. Excluding emission from such dense gas yields lower luminosities by up to one to two orders of magnitude at high masses, making it difficult to explain the observed Lya blobs with pure cooling. Resonant scattering produces diffuse Lya halos, even for centrally concentrated emission, and broad double peaked line profiles. [Abridged]

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