Asteroseismology of Solar-type Stars with Kepler I: Data Analysis
C. Karoff, W. J. Chaplin, T. Appourchaux, Y. Elsworth, R. A. Garcia, G. Houdek, T. S. Metcalfe, J. Molenda-Zakowicz, M. J. P. F. G. Monteiro, M. J. Thompson, J.… 展开作者
C. Karoff, W. J. Chaplin, T. Appourchaux, Y. Elsworth, R. A. Garcia, G. Houdek, T. S. Metcalfe, J. Molenda-Zakowicz, M. J. P. F. G. Monteiro, M. J. Thompson, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, R. L. Gilliland, H. Kjeldsen, S. Basu, T. R. Bedding, T. L. Campante, P. Eggenberger, S. T. Fletcher, P. Gaulme, R. Handberg, S. Hekker, M. Martic, S. Mathur, B. Mosser, C. Regulo, I. W. Roxburgh, D. Salabert, D. Stello, G. A Verner, K. Belkacem, K. Biazzo, M. S. Cunha, M. Gruberbauer, J. A. Guzik, F. Kupka, B. Leroy, H. -G. Ludwig, S. Mathis, A. Noels, R. W. Noyes, T. Roca Cortes, M. Roth, K. H. Sato, J. Schmitt, M. D. Suran, R. Trampedach, K. Uytterhoeven, R. Ventura, P. A. Wilson
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5 pages, 4 figure, submitted to Astronomische Nachrichten
We report on the first asteroseismic analysis of solar-type stars observed by Kepler. Observations of three G-type stars, made at one-minute cadence during the first 33.5d of science operations, reveal high signal-to-noise solar-like oscillation spectra in all three stars: About 20 modes of oscillation can clearly be distinguished in each star. We discuss the appearance of the oscillation spectra, including the presence of a possible signature of faculae, and the presence of mixed modes in one of the three stars.
Asteroseismology is a powerful way of determining stellar parameters and properties of stars like the Sun. However, main-sequence F-type stars exhibit short mode lifetimes relative to their oscillation frequency, resulting in overlapping radial and quadrupole modes. The goal of this paper is to use the blended modes for asteroseismology in place of the individual separable modes. We used a peak-bagging method to measure the centroids of radial-quadrupole pairs for 66 stars from the \textit{Kepler} LEGACY sample, as well as θ Cyg, HD 49933, HD 181420, and Procyon. We used the relative quadrupol…
We perform a search for rapidly oscillating Ap stars in the Kepler long-cadence data, where true oscillations above the Nyquist limit of 283.21 μHz can be reliably distinguished from aliases as a consequence of the barycentric time corrections applied to the Kepler data. We find evidence for rapid oscillations in six stars: KIC 6631188, KIC 7018170, KIC 10685175, KIC 11031749, KIC 11296437 and KIC 11409673, and identify each star as chemically peculiar through either pre-existing classifications or spectroscopic measurements. For each star, we identify the principal pulsation mode, and are abl…
The presence of mixed modes makes subgiants excellent targets for asteroseismology, providing a probe for the internal structure of stars. Here we study 36 \emph{Kepler} subgiants with solar-like oscillations and report their oscillation mode parameters. We performed a so-called peakbagging exercise, i.e. estimating oscillation mode frequencies, linewidths, and amplitudes with a power spectrum model, fitted in the Bayesian framework and sampled with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The uncertainties of the mode frequencies have a median value of 0.180 $μ$Hz. We obtained seismic parameters…
Detailed modelling of stellar oscillations is able to give precise estimates for stellar ages, but the inferred results typically depend on the adopted model parameters used for the age inference. High-quality asteroseismic data with precise measurements of mixed modes are available for 36 Kepler subgiants. To obtain a handle on the robustness of the ages for these stars, we first study the dependencies of seismic ages on three model input parameters. We find that inferred ages do not change systematically with the helium fraction (Y) or the mixing-length parameter but depend strongly on the m…
Investigating Gaia EDR3 parallax systematics using asteroseismology of Cool Giant Stars observed by Kepler, K2, and TESS I. Asteroseismic distances to 12,500 red-giant stars
Stellar models rely on a number of free parameters. High-quality observations of eclipsing binary stars observed by Kepler offer a great opportunity to calibrate model parameters for evolved stars. Our study focuses on six Kepler red giants with the goal of calibrating the mixing-length parameter of convection as well as the asteroseismic surface term in models. We introduce a new method to improve the identification of oscillation modes which exploits theoretical frequencies to guide the mode identification ('peak-bagging') stage of the data analysis. Our results indicate that the convective …
What asteroseismology can do for exoplanets: Kepler-410A b is a Small Neptune around a bright star, in an eccentric orbit consistent with low obliquity
我们确认开普勒行星候选者开普勒-410b（KOI-42 b）是一颗海王星大小的系外行星，在17.8天的偏心轨道上围绕明亮的恒星开普勒-410A（Kp = 9.4）运行。这是开普勒视野中第三亮的行星宿主星，也是目前已知的所有凌日系外行星中最亮的宿主星之一。开普勒-410由快速旋转的行星宿主恒星（开普勒-410A）和一颗较暗的恒星（开普勒-410B）组成，这使得行星候选者的确认变得复杂。采用星震学，使用从过境光变曲线，自适应光学和散斑图像，和斯皮策过境观测的约束，我们证明，候选人只能是一个系外行星轨道开普勒-410 A。通过星震学，我们可以高精度地确定以下恒星和行星参数：M $_\star = 1.214 \pm 0.033$ M $_\odot$，R $_\star = 1.352 \pm 0.010$ R $_\odot$，年龄= $2.76 \pm 0.54$ Gyr，行星半径（$2.838 \pm 0.054$ R $_\oplus$）和轨道偏心率（$0.17^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$）。此外，脉动模式的旋转分裂允许测量开普勒-410A的倾角和旋转速率。我们对$82.5^{+7.5}_{-2.5}$ [ $^\circ$ ]的倾斜度的测量表明该系统的结晶度较低。凌日时间的变化表明系统中至少有一个额外的（非凌日）行星。
Red giant asteroseismology can provide valuable information for studying the Galaxy as demonstrated by space missions like CoRoT and Kepler. However, previous observations have been limited to small data sets and fields-of-view. The TESS mission provides far larger samples and, for the first time, the opportunity to perform asteroseimic inference from full-frame images full-sky, instead of narrow fields and pre-selected targets. Here, we seek to detect oscillations in TESS data of the red giants in the Kepler field using the 4-yr Kepler results as benchmark. Because we use 1-2 sectors of obser…
The Kepler mission has provided exquisite data to perform an ensemble asteroseismic analysis on evolved stars. In this work we systematically characterize solar-like oscillations and granulation for 16,094 oscillating red giants, using end-of-mission long-cadence data. We produced a homogeneous catalog of the frequency of maximum power (typical uncertainty $σ_{ν_{\rm max}}$=1.6\%), the mean large frequency separation ($σ_{Δν}$=0.6\%), oscillation amplitude ($σ_{\rm A}$=4.7\%), granulation power ($σ_{\rm gran}$=8.6\%), power excess width ($σ_{\rm width}$=8.8\%), seismically-derived stellar mass…
The paper presents a correction to the scaling relations for red-giant stars using model-based masses and radii. We measure radial-mode frequencies from Kepler observations for 3,642 solar-like oscillators on the red-giant branch and use them to characterise the stars with the grid-based modeling. We determine fundamental stellar parameters with good precision: the typical uncertainty is 4.5% for mass, 16% for age, 0.006 dex for surface gravity, and 1.7% for radius. We also achieve good accuracy for estimated masses and radii, based on comparing with those determined for eclipsing binaries. We…
Previously, a series of tidally-excited oscillations were discovered in the eccentric eclipsing binary KIC 3230227. The pulsation amplitudes and phases suggest the observed oscillations are prograde quadruple modes. In this paper, we refine the analysis and extract more oscillation frequencies. We also study the temporal variations of amplitudes and phases and show that almost all modes have stable phases and amplitudes. We then focus on the non-orbital-harmonic oscillations. We consider two formation mechanisms: 1) nonlinear response of the surface convective layer, and 2) nonlinear three/mul…
With recent advances in modelling stars using high-precision asteroseismology, the systematic effects associated with our assumptions of stellar helium abundance ($Y$) and the mixing-length theory parameter ($α_\mathrm{MLT}$) are becoming more important. We apply a new method to improve the inference of stellar parameters for a sample of Kepler dwarfs and subgiants across a narrow mass range ($0.8 < M < 1.2\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$). In this method, we include a statistical treatment of $Y$ and the $α_\mathrm{MLT}$. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to encode information about the distributio…
Deep learning in the form of 1D convolutional neural networks have previously been shown to be capable of efficiently classifying the evolutionary state of oscillating red giants into red giant branch stars and helium-core burning stars by recognizing visual features in their asteroseismic frequency spectra. We elaborate further on the deep learning method by developing an improved convolutional neural network classifier. To make our method useful for current and future space missions such as K2, TESS and PLATO, we train classifiers that are able to classify the evolutionary states of lower fr…
The observations of global stellar oscillations of post main-sequence stars by space-based photometry missions allowed to directly determine their internal rotation. These constraints have pointed towards the existence of angular momentum transport processes unaccounted for in theoretical models. Constraining the properties of their internal rotation thus appears as the golden path to determine the physical nature of these missing dynamical processes. We wish to determine the robustness of a new approach to study the internal rotation of post main-sequence stars, using parametric rotation prof…
While long period variables (LPVs) have been extensively investigated, especially with MACHO and OGLE data for the Magellanic Clouds, there still exist open questions in their pulsations regarding the excitation mechanisms, radial order and angular degree assignment. Here, we perform asteroseismic analyses on LPVs observed by the 4-year Kepler mission. Using a cross-correlation method, we detect unambiguous pulsation ridges associated with radial fundamental modes ($n=1$) and overtones ($n\geqslant2$), where the radial order assignment is made by using theoretical frequencies and observed freq…
The present work contains light curve, spectroscopic and asteroseismic analyses for KIC 04851217 and KIC 10686876. These systems are detached eclipsing binaries hosting a pulsating component of delta Scuti type and have been observed with the unprecedented accuracy of the Kepler space telescope. Using ground based spectroscopic observations, the spectral types of the primary components of the systems were estimated as A6V and A5V for KIC 04851217 and KIC 10686876, respectively, with an uncertainty of one subclass. The present spectral classification together with literature radial velocities c…
Asteroseismic modelling of the internal structure of main-sequence stars born with a convective core has so far been based on homogeneous analyses of space photometric Kepler light curves of 4 years duration, to which most often incomplete inhomogeneously deduced spectroscopic information was added to break degeneracies. We composed a sample of 111 dwarf gravity-mode pulsators observed by the Kepler space telescope whose light curves allowed for determination of their near-core rotation rates. For this sample we assembled HERMES high-resolution optical spectroscopy at the 1.2-m Mercator telesc…
Determination of Three-dimensional Spin-orbit Angle with Joint Analysis of Asteroseismology, Transit Lightcurve, and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect: Cases of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25
