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arXiv 1005.0141astro-ph.HE
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相对论辐射介导激波

Relativistic Radiation Mediated Shocks

Ran Budnik, Boaz Katz, Amir Sagiv, Eli Waxman

摘要:

计算和分析了相对论辐射介导激波(RRMS)在冷电子-质子等离子体中传播的结构。相对论和非相对论冲击的物理学的定性讨论,包括相关的温度和长度尺度的数量级估计,提出。详细的数值解推导出冲击洛伦兹因子$Γ_u$的范围$6\leΓ_u\le30$,使用一种新的迭代技术求解流体力学和辐射输运方程(质子,电子和正电子被认为是耦合的集体等离子体过程,并被视为流体)。在激波过渡(减速)区,洛伦兹因子$ Γ$从$ Γ_u $下降到$ \sim 1 $,其特征是等离子体温度高$ T\sim Γm_ec^2 $,辐射各向异性强,上游和下游的特征激波帧能量分别为少量的~ $\times\, m_ec^2$和$\sim Γ^2 m_ec^2$,光子散射以e $^\pm$对为主,对质子密度比达到$\approx10^2Γ_u$。减速区的宽度,在汤姆逊光学深度的上游去光子,是大的,$Δτ\simΓ_u^2$($Δτ\sim1$忽略对的贡献)由于克莱因Nishina抑制的散射截面。高能光子分量沿下游方向窄射,具有近乎平坦的幂律谱$νI_ν\proptoν^0$,并且在$ \sim Γ_u^2 m_ec^2 $处具有能量截止,携带减速区域末端的相当一部分能量通量。给出了RRMS的近似解析模型,再现了数值结果的主要特征。

英文摘要:

The structure of relativistic radiation mediated shocks (RRMS) propagating into a cold electron-proton plasma is calculated and analyzed. A qualitative discussion of the physics of relativistic and non relativistic shocks, including order of magnitude estimates for the relevant temperature and length scales, is presented. Detailed numerical solutions are derived for shock Lorentz factors $Γ_u$ in the range $6\leΓ_u\le30$, using a novel iteration technique solving the hydrodynamics and radiation transport equations (the protons, electrons and positrons are argued to be coupled by collective plasma processes and are treated as a fluid). The shock transition (deceleration) region, where the Lorentz factor $ Γ$ drops from $ Γ_u $ to $ \sim 1 $, is characterized by high plasma temperatures $ T\sim Γm_ec^2 $ and highly anisotropic radiation, with characteristic shock-frame energy of upstream and downstream going photons of a few~$\times\, m_ec^2$ and $\sim Γ^2 m_ec^2$, respectively.Photon scattering is dominated by e$^\pm$ pairs, with pair to proton density ratio reaching $\approx10^2Γ_u$. The width of the deceleration region, in terms of Thomson optical depths for upstream going photons, is large, $Δτ\simΓ_u^2$ ($Δτ\sim1$ neglecting the contribution of pairs) due to Klein Nishina suppression of the scattering cross section. A high energy photon component, narrowly beamed in the downstream direction, with a nearly flat power-law like spectrum, $νI_ν\proptoν^0$, and an energy cutoff at $ \sim Γ_u^2 m_ec^2 $ carries a fair fraction of the energy flux at the end of the deceleration region. An approximate analytic model of RRMS, reproducing the main features of the numerical results, is provided.

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